我想写一个函数,它以一个字母数组作为参数,并从中选择一些字母。
假设您提供了一个包含8个字母的数组,并希望从中选择3个字母。那么你应该得到:
8! / ((8 - 3)! * 3!) = 56
数组(或单词),每个数组由3个字母组成。
我想写一个函数,它以一个字母数组作为参数,并从中选择一些字母。
假设您提供了一个包含8个字母的数组,并希望从中选择3个字母。那么你应该得到:
8! / ((8 - 3)! * 3!) = 56
数组(或单词),每个数组由3个字母组成。
当前回答
说了这么多,做了这么多,这就是奥卡姆的代码。 算法是显而易见的代码..
let combi n lst =
let rec comb l c =
if( List.length c = n) then [c] else
match l with
[] -> []
| (h::t) -> (combi t (h::c))@(combi t c)
in
combi lst []
;;
其他回答
我们可以用比特的概念来做这个。假设我们有一个字符串“abc”,我们想要所有长度为2的元素的组合(即“ab”,“ac”,“bc”)。
我们可以在1到2^n(排他性)的数字中找到集合位。这里是1到7,只要我们设置了bits = 2,我们就可以从string中输出相应的值。
例如:
1 - 001 二零零一 3011 ->印刷ab (str[0], str[1]) 四到一百。 5 - 101 ->打印ac (str[0], str[2]) 6 - 110 ->印刷ab (str[1], str[2]) 7 - 111。
代码示例:
public class StringCombinationK {
static void combk(String s , int k){
int n = s.length();
int num = 1<<n;
int j=0;
int count=0;
for(int i=0;i<num;i++){
if (countSet(i)==k){
setBits(i,j,s);
count++;
System.out.println();
}
}
System.out.println(count);
}
static void setBits(int i,int j,String s){ // print the corresponding string value,j represent the index of set bit
if(i==0){
return;
}
if(i%2==1){
System.out.print(s.charAt(j));
}
setBits(i/2,j+1,s);
}
static int countSet(int i){ //count number of set bits
if( i==0){
return 0;
}
return (i%2==0? 0:1) + countSet(i/2);
}
public static void main(String[] arhs){
String s = "abcdefgh";
int k=3;
combk(s,k);
}
}
还有另一个递归解决方案(你应该能够使用字母而不是数字)使用堆栈,虽然比大多数更短:
stack = []
def choose(n,x):
r(0,0,n+1,x)
def r(p, c, n,x):
if x-c == 0:
print stack
return
for i in range(p, n-(x-1)+c):
stack.append(i)
r(i+1,c+1,n,x)
stack.pop()
4选3或者我想要从0到4的所有3种数字组合
choose(4,3)
[0, 1, 2]
[0, 1, 3]
[0, 1, 4]
[0, 2, 3]
[0, 2, 4]
[0, 3, 4]
[1, 2, 3]
[1, 2, 4]
[1, 3, 4]
[2, 3, 4]
我的实现在c/c++
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <iconv.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
int opt = -1, min_len = 0, max_len = 0;
char ofile[256], fchar[2], tchar[2];
ofile[0] = 0;
fchar[0] = 0;
tchar[0] = 0;
while((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "o:f:t:l:L:")) != -1)
{
switch(opt)
{
case 'o':
strncpy(ofile, optarg, 255);
break;
case 'f':
strncpy(fchar, optarg, 1);
break;
case 't':
strncpy(tchar, optarg, 1);
break;
case 'l':
min_len = atoi(optarg);
break;
case 'L':
max_len = atoi(optarg);
break;
default:
printf("usage: %s -oftlL\n\t-o output file\n\t-f from char\n\t-t to char\n\t-l min seq len\n\t-L max seq len", argv[0]);
}
}
if(max_len < 1)
{
printf("error, length must be more than 0\n");
return 1;
}
if(min_len > max_len)
{
printf("error, max length must be greater or equal min_length\n");
return 1;
}
if((int)fchar[0] > (int)tchar[0])
{
printf("error, invalid range specified\n");
return 1;
}
FILE *out = fopen(ofile, "w");
if(!out)
{
printf("failed to open input file with error: %s\n", strerror(errno));
return 1;
}
int cur_len = min_len;
while(cur_len <= max_len)
{
char buf[cur_len];
for(int i = 0; i < cur_len; i++)
buf[i] = fchar[0];
fwrite(buf, cur_len, 1, out);
fwrite("\n", 1, 1, out);
while(buf[0] != (tchar[0]+1))
{
while(buf[cur_len-1] < tchar[0])
{
(int)buf[cur_len-1]++;
fwrite(buf, cur_len, 1, out);
fwrite("\n", 1, 1, out);
}
if(cur_len < 2)
break;
if(buf[0] == tchar[0])
{
bool stop = true;
for(int i = 1; i < cur_len; i++)
{
if(buf[i] != tchar[0])
{
stop = false;
break;
}
}
if(stop)
break;
}
int u = cur_len-2;
for(; u>=0 && buf[u] >= tchar[0]; u--)
;
(int)buf[u]++;
for(int i = u+1; i < cur_len; i++)
buf[i] = fchar[0];
fwrite(buf, cur_len, 1, out);
fwrite("\n", 1, 1, out);
}
cur_len++;
}
fclose(out);
return 0;
}
这里我的实现在c++,它写所有的组合到指定的文件,但行为可以改变,我在生成各种字典,它接受最小和最大长度和字符范围,目前只有ANSI支持,它足以满足我的需求
这是我对javascript的贡献(没有递归)
set = ["q0", "q1", "q2", "q3"]
collector = []
function comb(num) {
results = []
one_comb = []
for (i = set.length - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
tmp = Math.pow(2, i)
quotient = parseInt(num / tmp)
results.push(quotient)
num = num % tmp
}
k = 0
for (i = 0; i < results.length; ++i)
if (results[i]) {
++k
one_comb.push(set[i])
}
if (collector[k] == undefined)
collector[k] = []
collector[k].push(one_comb)
}
sum = 0
for (i = 0; i < set.length; ++i)
sum += Math.pow(2, i)
for (ii = sum; ii > 0; --ii)
comb(ii)
cnt = 0
for (i = 1; i < collector.length; ++i) {
n = 0
for (j = 0; j < collector[i].length; ++j)
document.write(++cnt, " - " + (++n) + " - ", collector[i][j], "<br>")
document.write("<hr>")
}
短快C实现
#include <stdio.h>
void main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
const int n = 6; /* The size of the set; for {1, 2, 3, 4} it's 4 */
const int p = 4; /* The size of the subsets; for {1, 2}, {1, 3}, ... it's 2 */
int comb[40] = {0}; /* comb[i] is the index of the i-th element in the combination */
int i = 0;
for (int j = 0; j <= n; j++) comb[j] = 0;
while (i >= 0) {
if (comb[i] < n + i - p + 1) {
comb[i]++;
if (i == p - 1) { for (int j = 0; j < p; j++) printf("%d ", comb[j]); printf("\n"); }
else { comb[++i] = comb[i - 1]; }
} else i--; }
}
要查看它有多快,请使用这段代码并测试它
#include <time.h>
#include <stdio.h>
void main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
const int n = 32; /* The size of the set; for {1, 2, 3, 4} it's 4 */
const int p = 16; /* The size of the subsets; for {1, 2}, {1, 3}, ... it's 2 */
int comb[40] = {0}; /* comb[i] is the index of the i-th element in the combination */
int c = 0; int i = 0;
for (int j = 0; j <= n; j++) comb[j] = 0;
while (i >= 0) {
if (comb[i] < n + i - p + 1) {
comb[i]++;
/* if (i == p - 1) { for (int j = 0; j < p; j++) printf("%d ", comb[j]); printf("\n"); } */
if (i == p - 1) c++;
else { comb[++i] = comb[i - 1]; }
} else i--; }
printf("%d!%d == %d combination(s) in %15.3f second(s)\n ", p, n, c, clock()/1000.0);
}
使用cmd.exe (windows)测试:
Microsoft Windows XP [Version 5.1.2600]
(C) Copyright 1985-2001 Microsoft Corp.
c:\Program Files\lcc\projects>combination
16!32 == 601080390 combination(s) in 5.781 second(s)
c:\Program Files\lcc\projects>
祝你有愉快的一天。