我想写一个函数,它以一个字母数组作为参数,并从中选择一些字母。
假设您提供了一个包含8个字母的数组,并希望从中选择3个字母。那么你应该得到:
8! / ((8 - 3)! * 3!) = 56
数组(或单词),每个数组由3个字母组成。
我想写一个函数,它以一个字母数组作为参数,并从中选择一些字母。
假设您提供了一个包含8个字母的数组,并希望从中选择3个字母。那么你应该得到:
8! / ((8 - 3)! * 3!) = 56
数组(或单词),每个数组由3个字母组成。
当前回答
《计算机编程艺术,卷4A:组合算法,第1部分》第7.2.1.3节中算法L(字典组合)的C代码:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
void visit(int* c, int t)
{
// for (int j = 1; j <= t; j++)
for (int j = t; j > 0; j--)
printf("%d ", c[j]);
printf("\n");
}
int* initialize(int n, int t)
{
// c[0] not used
int *c = (int*) malloc((t + 3) * sizeof(int));
for (int j = 1; j <= t; j++)
c[j] = j - 1;
c[t+1] = n;
c[t+2] = 0;
return c;
}
void comb(int n, int t)
{
int *c = initialize(n, t);
int j;
for (;;) {
visit(c, t);
j = 1;
while (c[j]+1 == c[j+1]) {
c[j] = j - 1;
++j;
}
if (j > t)
return;
++c[j];
}
free(c);
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
comb(5, 3);
return 0;
}
其他回答
Array.prototype.combs = function(num) {
var str = this,
length = str.length,
of = Math.pow(2, length) - 1,
out, combinations = [];
while(of) {
out = [];
for(var i = 0, y; i < length; i++) {
y = (1 << i);
if(y & of && (y !== of))
out.push(str[i]);
}
if (out.length >= num) {
combinations.push(out);
}
of--;
}
return combinations;
}
我有一个用于project euler的排列算法,用python编写:
def missing(miss,src):
"Returns the list of items in src not present in miss"
return [i for i in src if i not in miss]
def permutation_gen(n,l):
"Generates all the permutations of n items of the l list"
for i in l:
if n<=1: yield [i]
r = [i]
for j in permutation_gen(n-1,missing([i],l)): yield r+j
If
n<len(l)
你应该有所有你需要的组合,没有重复,你需要吗?
它是一个生成器,所以你可以这样使用它:
for comb in permutation_gen(3,list("ABCDEFGH")):
print comb
我可以给出这个问题的递归Python解决方案吗?
def choose_iter(elements, length):
for i in xrange(len(elements)):
if length == 1:
yield (elements[i],)
else:
for next in choose_iter(elements[i+1:], length-1):
yield (elements[i],) + next
def choose(l, k):
return list(choose_iter(l, k))
使用示例:
>>> len(list(choose_iter("abcdefgh",3)))
56
我喜欢它的简洁。
这是我用c++写的命题
我尽可能少地限制迭代器类型,所以这个解决方案假设只有前向迭代器,它可以是const_iterator。这应该适用于任何标准容器。在参数没有意义的情况下,它抛出std:: invalid_argument
#include <vector>
#include <stdexcept>
template <typename Fci> // Fci - forward const iterator
std::vector<std::vector<Fci> >
enumerate_combinations(Fci begin, Fci end, unsigned int combination_size)
{
if(begin == end && combination_size > 0u)
throw std::invalid_argument("empty set and positive combination size!");
std::vector<std::vector<Fci> > result; // empty set of combinations
if(combination_size == 0u) return result; // there is exactly one combination of
// size 0 - emty set
std::vector<Fci> current_combination;
current_combination.reserve(combination_size + 1u); // I reserve one aditional slot
// in my vector to store
// the end sentinel there.
// The code is cleaner thanks to that
for(unsigned int i = 0u; i < combination_size && begin != end; ++i, ++begin)
{
current_combination.push_back(begin); // Construction of the first combination
}
// Since I assume the itarators support only incrementing, I have to iterate over
// the set to get its size, which is expensive. Here I had to itrate anyway to
// produce the first cobination, so I use the loop to also check the size.
if(current_combination.size() < combination_size)
throw std::invalid_argument("combination size > set size!");
result.push_back(current_combination); // Store the first combination in the results set
current_combination.push_back(end); // Here I add mentioned earlier sentinel to
// simplyfy rest of the code. If I did it
// earlier, previous statement would get ugly.
while(true)
{
unsigned int i = combination_size;
Fci tmp; // Thanks to the sentinel I can find first
do // iterator to change, simply by scaning
{ // from right to left and looking for the
tmp = current_combination[--i]; // first "bubble". The fact, that it's
++tmp; // a forward iterator makes it ugly but I
} // can't help it.
while(i > 0u && tmp == current_combination[i + 1u]);
// Here is probably my most obfuscated expression.
// Loop above looks for a "bubble". If there is no "bubble", that means, that
// current_combination is the last combination, Expression in the if statement
// below evaluates to true and the function exits returning result.
// If the "bubble" is found however, the ststement below has a sideeffect of
// incrementing the first iterator to the left of the "bubble".
if(++current_combination[i] == current_combination[i + 1u])
return result;
// Rest of the code sets posiotons of the rest of the iterstors
// (if there are any), that are to the right of the incremented one,
// to form next combination
while(++i < combination_size)
{
current_combination[i] = current_combination[i - 1u];
++current_combination[i];
}
// Below is the ugly side of using the sentinel. Well it had to haave some
// disadvantage. Try without it.
result.push_back(std::vector<Fci>(current_combination.begin(),
current_combination.end() - 1));
}
}
static IEnumerable<string> Combinations(List<string> characters, int length)
{
for (int i = 0; i < characters.Count; i++)
{
// only want 1 character, just return this one
if (length == 1)
yield return characters[i];
// want more than one character, return this one plus all combinations one shorter
// only use characters after the current one for the rest of the combinations
else
foreach (string next in Combinations(characters.GetRange(i + 1, characters.Count - (i + 1)), length - 1))
yield return characters[i] + next;
}
}