我有一个带有两个类方法的类(使用classmethod()函数),用于获取和设置本质上是静态变量的类。我尝试使用property()函数来处理这些,但它会导致错误。我能够在解释器中重现以下错误:
class Foo(object):
_var = 5
@classmethod
def getvar(cls):
return cls._var
@classmethod
def setvar(cls, value):
cls._var = value
var = property(getvar, setvar)
我可以演示类方法,但它们不能作为属性:
>>> f = Foo()
>>> f.getvar()
5
>>> f.setvar(4)
>>> f.getvar()
4
>>> f.var
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
TypeError: 'classmethod' object is not callable
>>> f.var=5
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
TypeError: 'classmethod' object is not callable
是否可以使用属性()函数与@classmethod装饰函数?
这是我的建议。不要使用类方法。
认真对待。
在这种情况下使用类方法的原因是什么?为什么不使用普通类的普通对象呢?
如果你只是想改变值,属性并不是很有用,不是吗?只需要设置属性值就可以了。
只有在需要隐藏某些内容时才应该使用属性——这些内容在未来的实现中可能会改变。
也许你的例子被简化了,你漏掉了一些可怕的计算。但看起来这处房产并没有增加多少价值。
受java影响的“隐私”技术(在Python中,属性名以_开头)并不是很有用。谁的隐私?当您拥有源代码时,private的意义有点模糊(就像在Python中那样)。
受Java影响的ejb风格的getter和setter(通常在Python中作为属性完成)是为了方便Java的基本内省以及通过静态语言编译器的检查。所有这些getter和setter在Python中都没有那么有用。
如果你想通过一个实例化的对象访问class属性,只在元类上设置它是没有帮助的,在这种情况下,你需要在对象上安装一个普通的属性(它分配给class属性)。我认为以下几点说得更清楚一些:
#!/usr/bin/python
class classproperty(property):
def __get__(self, obj, type_):
return self.fget.__get__(None, type_)()
def __set__(self, obj, value):
cls = type(obj)
return self.fset.__get__(None, cls)(value)
class A (object):
_foo = 1
@classproperty
@classmethod
def foo(cls):
return cls._foo
@foo.setter
@classmethod
def foo(cls, value):
cls.foo = value
a = A()
print a.foo
b = A()
print b.foo
b.foo = 5
print a.foo
A.foo = 10
print b.foo
print A.foo
这是我的解决方案,也缓存类属性
class class_property(object):
# this caches the result of the function call for fn with cls input
# use this as a decorator on function methods that you want converted
# into cached properties
def __init__(self, fn):
self._fn_name = fn.__name__
if not isinstance(fn, (classmethod, staticmethod)):
fn = classmethod(fn)
self._fn = fn
def __get__(self, obj, cls=None):
if cls is None:
cls = type(obj)
if (
self._fn_name in vars(cls) and
type(vars(cls)[self._fn_name]).__name__ != "class_property"
):
return vars(cls)[self._fn_name]
else:
value = self._fn.__get__(obj, cls)()
setattr(cls, self._fn_name, value)
return value
这里有一个解决方案,它应该既适用于通过类访问,也适用于通过使用元类的实例访问。
In [1]: class ClassPropertyMeta(type):
...: @property
...: def prop(cls):
...: return cls._prop
...: def __new__(cls, name, parents, dct):
...: # This makes overriding __getattr__ and __setattr__ in the class impossible, but should be fixable
...: dct['__getattr__'] = classmethod(lambda cls, attr: getattr(cls, attr))
...: dct['__setattr__'] = classmethod(lambda cls, attr, val: setattr(cls, attr, val))
...: return super(ClassPropertyMeta, cls).__new__(cls, name, parents, dct)
...:
In [2]: class ClassProperty(object):
...: __metaclass__ = ClassPropertyMeta
...: _prop = 42
...: def __getattr__(self, attr):
...: raise Exception('Never gets called')
...:
In [3]: ClassProperty.prop
Out[3]: 42
In [4]: ClassProperty.prop = 1
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
AttributeError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-4-e2e8b423818a> in <module>()
----> 1 ClassProperty.prop = 1
AttributeError: can't set attribute
In [5]: cp = ClassProperty()
In [6]: cp.prop
Out[6]: 42
In [7]: cp.prop = 1
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
AttributeError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-7-e8284a3ee950> in <module>()
----> 1 cp.prop = 1
<ipython-input-1-16b7c320d521> in <lambda>(cls, attr, val)
6 # This makes overriding __getattr__ and __setattr__ in the class impossible, but should be fixable
7 dct['__getattr__'] = classmethod(lambda cls, attr: getattr(cls, attr))
----> 8 dct['__setattr__'] = classmethod(lambda cls, attr, val: setattr(cls, attr, val))
9 return super(ClassPropertyMeta, cls).__new__(cls, name, parents, dct)
AttributeError: can't set attribute
这也适用于元类中定义的setter。