接口的存在不是作为类可以扩展的基础，而是作为所需函数的映射。

下面是一个不适合抽象类的接口的例子: 假设我有一个日历应用程序，它允许用户从外部源导入日历数据。我将编写类来处理导入每种类型的数据源(ical, rss, atom, json)，每个类都将实现一个公共接口，以确保它们都具有我的应用程序获取数据所需的公共方法。

<?php

interface ImportableFeed 
{
    public function getEvents();
}

Then when a user adds a new feed I can identify the type of feed it is and use the class developed for that type to import the data. Each class written to import data for a specific feed would have completely different code, there may otherwise be very few similarities between the classes outside of the fact that they are required to implement the interface that allows my application to consume them. If I were to use an abstract class, I could very easily ignore the fact that I have not overridden the getEvents() method which would then break my application in this instance whereas using an interface would not let my app run if ANY of the methods defined in the interface do not exist in the class that implemented it. My app doesn't have to care what class it uses to get data from a feed, only that the methods it needs to get that data are present.

To take this a step further, the interface proves to be extremely useful when I come back to my calendar app with the intent of adding another feed type. Using the ImportableFeed interface means I can continue adding more classes that import different feed types by simply adding new classes that implement this interface. This allows me to add tons of functionality without having to add unnecessarily bulk to my core application since my core application only relies on there being the public methods available that the interface requires so as long as my new feed import classes implement the ImportableFeed interface then I know I can just drop it in place and keep moving.

这只是一个非常简单的开始。然后，我可以创建另一个接口，所有日历类都需要实现该接口，该接口提供了更多特定于类处理的提要类型的功能。另一个很好的例子是验证提要类型的方法，等等。

This goes beyond the question but since I used the example above: Interfaces come with their own set of issues if used in this manner. I find myself needing to ensure the output that is returned from the methods implemented to match the interface and to achieve this I use an IDE that reads PHPDoc blocks and add the return type as a type hint in a PHPDoc block of the interface which will then translate to the concrete class that implements it. My classes that consume the data output from the classes that implement this interface will then at the very least know it's expecting an array returned in this example:

<?php
interface ImportableFeed 
{
    /**
     * @return array
     */
    public function getEvents();
}

没有太多空间来比较抽象类和接口。接口是简单的映射，在实现时要求类具有一组公共接口。

我们看到抽象类和接口的相似之处在于它们提供了必须在子类中实现的抽象方法。但是，二者仍有以下差异:

1.接口可以包含抽象方法和常量，但不能包含具体方法和变量。 2.接口中的所有方法都必须在公共可见性中 范围。 3.一个类可以实现多个接口，同时它可以继承 只来自一个抽象类。

                                  interface                      abstract class
the code                     - abstract methods               - abstract methods
                             - constants                      - constants                  
                                                              - concrete methods
                                                              - concrete variables

access modifiers             
                             - public                         - public
                                                              - protected
                                                              - private
                                                                etc.
number of parents          The same class can implement
                           more than 1 interface              The child class can 
                                                              inherit only from 1 abstract class

希望这将有助于任何人理解!

接口不仅仅是为了确保开发人员实现特定的方法。其思想是，因为这些类保证有特定的方法，即使不知道类的实际类型，也可以使用这些方法。例子:

interface Readable {
  String read();
}

List<Readable> readables; // dunno what these actually are, but we know they have read();
for(Readable reader : readables)
  System.out.println(reader.read());

在许多情况下，提供基类是没有意义的，不管是不是抽象的，因为实现变化很大，除了一些方法之外没有任何共同之处。

动态类型语言有“鸭子类型”的概念，你不需要接口;您可以自由地假设对象具有您正在对其调用的方法。在静态类型语言中，对象有一些方法(在我的例子中是read())，但没有实现接口，这种方法可以解决这个问题。

接口的存在不是作为类可以扩展的基础，而是作为所需函数的映射。

下面是一个不适合抽象类的接口的例子: 假设我有一个日历应用程序，它允许用户从外部源导入日历数据。我将编写类来处理导入每种类型的数据源(ical, rss, atom, json)，每个类都将实现一个公共接口，以确保它们都具有我的应用程序获取数据所需的公共方法。

<?php

interface ImportableFeed 
{
    public function getEvents();
}

Then when a user adds a new feed I can identify the type of feed it is and use the class developed for that type to import the data. Each class written to import data for a specific feed would have completely different code, there may otherwise be very few similarities between the classes outside of the fact that they are required to implement the interface that allows my application to consume them. If I were to use an abstract class, I could very easily ignore the fact that I have not overridden the getEvents() method which would then break my application in this instance whereas using an interface would not let my app run if ANY of the methods defined in the interface do not exist in the class that implemented it. My app doesn't have to care what class it uses to get data from a feed, only that the methods it needs to get that data are present.

To take this a step further, the interface proves to be extremely useful when I come back to my calendar app with the intent of adding another feed type. Using the ImportableFeed interface means I can continue adding more classes that import different feed types by simply adding new classes that implement this interface. This allows me to add tons of functionality without having to add unnecessarily bulk to my core application since my core application only relies on there being the public methods available that the interface requires so as long as my new feed import classes implement the ImportableFeed interface then I know I can just drop it in place and keep moving.

这只是一个非常简单的开始。然后，我可以创建另一个接口，所有日历类都需要实现该接口，该接口提供了更多特定于类处理的提要类型的功能。另一个很好的例子是验证提要类型的方法，等等。

This goes beyond the question but since I used the example above: Interfaces come with their own set of issues if used in this manner. I find myself needing to ensure the output that is returned from the methods implemented to match the interface and to achieve this I use an IDE that reads PHPDoc blocks and add the return type as a type hint in a PHPDoc block of the interface which will then translate to the concrete class that implements it. My classes that consume the data output from the classes that implement this interface will then at the very least know it's expecting an array returned in this example:

<?php
interface ImportableFeed 
{
    /**
     * @return array
     */
    public function getEvents();
}

没有太多空间来比较抽象类和接口。接口是简单的映射，在实现时要求类具有一组公共接口。

你将在PHP中使用接口:

隐藏实现——建立一个对对象类的访问协议，改变底层实现，而不需要在所有使用过对象的地方进行重构 检查类型-例如确保参数具有特定类型$object instanceof MyInterface 在运行时强制参数检查 要在单个类中实现多个行为(构建复杂类型)

类Car实现EngineInterface, BodyInterface, steinginterface { 这样Car对象现在可以start()， stop() (EngineInterface)或goRight()，goLeft()(转向接口)

还有其他我现在想不起来的事情

第四点，这可能是你不能用抽象类解决的最明显的用例。

来自《Java思维》:

接口表示:“这是实现这个特定接口的所有类的样子。”因此，任何使用特定接口的代码都知道可以为该接口调用哪些方法，仅此而已。因此，接口用于在类之间建立“协议”。

这个概念在面向对象编程中非常有用。对我来说，我认为接口是一种契约。只要我的类和你的类同意这个方法签名合同，我们就可以“接口”。至于抽象类，我认为更多的是存根一些方法的基类，我需要填充细节。