我主要是c#开发人员,但我目前正在用Python开发一个项目。
我如何在Python中表示等价的Enum ?
我主要是c#开发人员,但我目前正在用Python开发一个项目。
我如何在Python中表示等价的Enum ?
当前回答
如果你需要数值,这是最快的方法:
dog, cat, rabbit = range(3)
在Python 3中。X你也可以在最后添加一个星号占位符,它将吸收范围内所有剩余的值,以防你不介意浪费内存和无法计数:
dog, cat, rabbit, horse, *_ = range(100)
其他回答
我喜欢Java枚举,这就是我在Python中的做法:
def enum(clsdef):
class Enum(object):
__slots__=tuple([var for var in clsdef.__dict__ if isinstance((getattr(clsdef, var)), tuple) and not var.startswith('__')])
def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
if not '_the_instance' in cls.__dict__:
cls._the_instance = object.__new__(cls, *args, **kwargs)
return cls._the_instance
def __init__(self):
clsdef.values=lambda cls, e=Enum: e.values()
clsdef.valueOf=lambda cls, n, e=self: e.valueOf(n)
for ordinal, key in enumerate(self.__class__.__slots__):
args=getattr(clsdef, key)
instance=clsdef(*args)
instance._name=key
instance._ordinal=ordinal
setattr(self, key, instance)
@classmethod
def values(cls):
if not hasattr(cls, '_values'):
cls._values=[getattr(cls, name) for name in cls.__slots__]
return cls._values
def valueOf(self, name):
return getattr(self, name)
def __repr__(self):
return ''.join(['<class Enum (', clsdef.__name__, ') at ', str(hex(id(self))), '>'])
return Enum()
示例使用:
i=2
@enum
class Test(object):
A=("a",1)
B=("b",)
C=("c",2)
D=tuple()
E=("e",3)
while True:
try:
F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O=[tuple() for _ in range(i)]
break;
except ValueError:
i+=1
def __init__(self, name="default", aparam=0):
self.name=name
self.avalue=aparam
所有类变量都定义为元组,就像构造函数一样。到目前为止,还不能使用命名参数。
为什么枚举必须是整数?不幸的是,在不改变Python语言的情况下,我想不出任何好看的构造来生成它,所以我将使用字符串:
class Enumerator(object):
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name
def __eq__(self, other):
if self.name == other:
return True
return self is other
def __ne__(self, other):
if self.name != other:
return False
return self is other
def __repr__(self):
return 'Enumerator({0})'.format(self.name)
def __str__(self):
return self.name
class Enum(object):
def __init__(self, *enumerators):
for e in enumerators:
setattr(self, e, Enumerator(e))
def __getitem__(self, key):
return getattr(self, key)
也许现在更好的是,为了配置文件或其他远程输入,我们可以自然地对字符串进行测试。
例子:
class Cow(object):
State = Enum(
'standing',
'walking',
'eating',
'mooing',
'sleeping',
'dead',
'dying'
)
state = State.standing
In [1]: from enum import Enum
In [2]: c = Cow()
In [3]: c2 = Cow()
In [4]: c.state, c2.state
Out[4]: (Enumerator(standing), Enumerator(standing))
In [5]: c.state == c2.state
Out[5]: True
In [6]: c.State.mooing
Out[6]: Enumerator(mooing)
In [7]: c.State['mooing']
Out[7]: Enumerator(mooing)
In [8]: c.state = Cow.State.dead
In [9]: c.state == c2.state
Out[9]: False
In [10]: c.state == Cow.State.dead
Out[10]: True
In [11]: c.state == 'dead'
Out[11]: True
In [12]: c.state == Cow.State['dead']
Out[11]: True
Davidg建议使用词典。我想更进一步,使用集合:
months = set('January', 'February', ..., 'December')
现在你可以测试一个值是否与集合中的一个值匹配,如下所示:
if m in months:
但是,像dF,我通常只使用字符串常量来代替枚举。
在答案列表中没有看到这个,这是我想出的一个。它允许使用'in'关键字和len()方法:
class EnumTypeError(TypeError):
pass
class Enum(object):
"""
Minics enum type from different languages
Usage:
Letters = Enum(list('abc'))
a = Letters.a
print(a in Letters) # True
print(54 in Letters) # False
"""
def __init__(self, enums):
if isinstance(enums, dict):
self.__dict__.update(enums)
elif isinstance(enums, list) or isinstance(enums, tuple):
self.__dict__.update(**dict((v,k) for k,v in enumerate(enums)))
else:
raise EnumTypeError
def __contains__(self, key):
return key in self.__dict__.values()
def __len__(self):
return len(self.__dict__.values())
if __name__ == '__main__':
print('Using a dictionary to create Enum:')
Letters = Enum(dict((v,k) for k,v in enumerate(list('abcde'))))
a = Letters.a
print('\tIs a in e?', a in Letters)
print('\tIs 54 in e?', 54 in Letters)
print('\tLength of Letters enum:', len(Letters))
print('\nUsing a list to create Enum:')
Letters = Enum(list('abcde'))
a = Letters.a
print('\tIs a in e?', a in Letters)
print('\tIs 54 in e?', 54 in Letters)
print('\tLength of Letters enum:', len(Letters))
try:
# make sure we raise an exception if we pass an invalid arg
Failure = Enum('This is a Failure')
print('Failure')
except EnumTypeError:
print('Success!')
输出:
Using a dictionary to create Enum:
Is a in e? True
Is 54 in e? False
Length of Letters enum: 5
Using a list to create Enum:
Is a in e? True
Is 54 in e? False
Length of Letters enum: 5
Success!
def M_add_class_attribs(attribs):
def foo(name, bases, dict_):
for v, k in attribs:
dict_[k] = v
return type(name, bases, dict_)
return foo
def enum(*names):
class Foo(object):
__metaclass__ = M_add_class_attribs(enumerate(names))
def __setattr__(self, name, value): # this makes it read-only
raise NotImplementedError
return Foo()
像这样使用它:
Animal = enum('DOG', 'CAT')
Animal.DOG # returns 0
Animal.CAT # returns 1
Animal.DOG = 2 # raises NotImplementedError
如果你只想要唯一的符号,不关心值,替换这行:
__metaclass__ = M_add_class_attribs(enumerate(names))
用这个:
__metaclass__ = M_add_class_attribs((object(), name) for name in names)