文件存储。Facebook的工程师们对此进行了热烈的讨论。一个收获是了解目录中文件的实际限制。

大海捞针:高效存储数十亿张照片

I have worked with many digital storage systems and they all store digital objects on the file system. They tend to use a branch approach, so there will be an archive tree on the file system, often starting with year of entry e.g. 2009, subdirectory will be month e.g. 8 for August, next directory will be day e.g. 11 and sometimes they will use hour as well, the file will then be named with the records persistent ID. Using BLOBS has its advantages and I have heard of it being used often in the IT parts of the chemical industry for storing thousands or millions of photographs and diagrams. It can provide more granular security, a single method of backup, potentially better data integrity and improved inter media searching, Oracle has many features for this within the package they used to call Intermedia (I think it is called something else now). The file system can also have granular security provided through a system such as XACML or another XML type security object. See D Space of Fedora Object Store for examples.

数据数据库

文件的文件系统

不经常编辑的小静态图像(不超过几兆)应该存储在数据库中。这种方法有几个好处，包括更容易移植(图像与数据库一起传输)，更容易备份/恢复(图像与数据库一起备份)和更好的可伸缩性(一个包含数千个小缩略图文件的文件系统文件夹对我来说听起来像是可伸缩性的噩梦)。

从数据库提供图像很简单，只需实现一个http处理程序，将从DB服务器返回的字节数组作为二进制流提供服务。

我将使用文件系统方法，主要是因为它具有更好的灵活性。考虑一下，如果图像的数量变得很大，一个数据库可能无法处理它。对于文件系统，您可以简单地添加更多的文件服务器，假设您正在使用NFS或kind。

文件系统方法的另一个优点是能够做一些奇特的事情，例如可以使用Amazon S3作为主要存储(在数据库中保存url而不是文件路径)。如果S3发生中断，则退回到文件服务器(可能是包含该文件路径的另一个数据库条目)。一些巫术适用于Apache或任何你正在使用的web服务器。

The word on the street is that unless you are a database vendor trying to prove that your database can do it (like, let's say Microsoft boasting about Terraserver storing a bajillion images in SQL Server) it's not a very good idea. When the alternative - storing images on file servers and paths in the database is so much easier, why bother? Blob fields are kind of like the off-road capabilities of SUVs - most people don't use them, those who do usually get in trouble, and then there are those who do, but only for the fun of it.