我想定义一个没有初始化长度的二维数组,如下所示:

Matrix = [][]

但这给出了一个错误:

IndexError:列表索引超出范围


当前回答

l=[[0]*(L) for _ in range(W)]

将快于:

l = [[0 for x in range(L)] for y in range(W)] 

其他回答

为便于阅读而重写:

# 2D array/ matrix

# 5 rows, 5 cols
rows_count = 5
cols_count = 5

# create
#     creation looks reverse
#     create an array of "cols_count" cols, for each of the "rows_count" rows
#        all elements are initialized to 0
two_d_array = [[0 for j in range(cols_count)] for i in range(rows_count)]

# index is from 0 to 4
#     for both rows & cols
#     since 5 rows, 5 cols

# use
two_d_array[0][0] = 1
print two_d_array[0][0]  # prints 1   # 1st row, 1st col (top-left element of matrix)

two_d_array[1][0] = 2
print two_d_array[1][0]  # prints 2   # 2nd row, 1st col

two_d_array[1][4] = 3
print two_d_array[1][4]  # prints 3   # 2nd row, last col

two_d_array[4][4] = 4
print two_d_array[4][4]  # prints 4   # last row, last col (right, bottom element of matrix)

公认的答案是正确的,但我花了一段时间才明白,我也可以使用它创建一个完全空的数组。

l =  [[] for _ in range(3)]

结果

[[], [], []]

如果您需要具有预定义数字的矩阵,可以使用以下代码:

def matrix(rows, cols, start=0):
    return [[c + start + r * cols for c in range(cols)] for r in range(rows)]


assert matrix(2, 3, 1) == [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]]

如果在开始之前没有大小信息,请创建两个一维列表。

list 1: To store rows
list 2: Actual two-dimensional matrix

将整行存储在第一个列表中。完成后,将列表1追加到列表2中:

from random import randint

coordinates=[]
temp=[]
points=int(raw_input("Enter No Of Coordinates >"))
for i in range(0,points):
    randomx=randint(0,1000)
    randomy=randint(0,1000)
    temp=[]
    temp.append(randomx)
    temp.append(randomy)
    coordinates.append(temp)

print coordinates

输出:

Enter No Of Coordinates >4
[[522, 96], [378, 276], [349, 741], [238, 439]]

从技术上讲,您正在尝试对未初始化的数组进行索引。在添加项目之前,必须先用列表初始化外部列表;Python调用此“列表理解”。

# Creates a list containing 5 lists, each of 8 items, all set to 0
w, h = 8, 5
Matrix = [[0 for x in range(w)] for y in range(h)] 

#您现在可以向列表中添加项目:

Matrix[0][0] = 1
Matrix[6][0] = 3 # error! range... 
Matrix[0][6] = 3 # valid

注意,矩阵是“y”地址主,换句话说,“y索引”在“x索引”之前。

print Matrix[0][0] # prints 1
x, y = 0, 6 
print Matrix[x][y] # prints 3; be careful with indexing! 

尽管您可以根据自己的意愿命名它们,但我这样看是为了避免索引中可能出现的一些混淆,如果您对内部和外部列表都使用“x”,并且希望使用非方形矩阵。