为了更好地理解竞态条件，请尝试以下基本示例:

    public class ThreadRaceCondition {

    /**
     * @param args
     * @throws InterruptedException
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        Account myAccount = new Account(22222222);

        // Expected deposit: 250
        for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
            Transaction t = new Transaction(myAccount,
                    Transaction.TransactionType.DEPOSIT, 5.00);
            t.start();
        }

        // Expected withdrawal: 50
        for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
            Transaction t = new Transaction(myAccount,
                    Transaction.TransactionType.WITHDRAW, 1.00);
            t.start();

        }

        // Temporary sleep to ensure all threads are completed. Don't use in
        // realworld :-)
        Thread.sleep(1000);
        // Expected account balance is 200
        System.out.println("Final Account Balance: "
                + myAccount.getAccountBalance());

    }

}

class Transaction extends Thread {

    public static enum TransactionType {
        DEPOSIT(1), WITHDRAW(2);

        private int value;

        private TransactionType(int value) {
            this.value = value;
        }

        public int getValue() {
            return value;
        }
    };

    private TransactionType transactionType;
    private Account account;
    private double amount;

    /*
     * If transactionType == 1, deposit else if transactionType == 2 withdraw
     */
    public Transaction(Account account, TransactionType transactionType,
            double amount) {
        this.transactionType = transactionType;
        this.account = account;
        this.amount = amount;
    }

    public void run() {
        switch (this.transactionType) {
        case DEPOSIT:
            deposit();
            printBalance();
            break;
        case WITHDRAW:
            withdraw();
            printBalance();
            break;
        default:
            System.out.println("NOT A VALID TRANSACTION");
        }
        ;
    }

    public void deposit() {
        this.account.deposit(this.amount);
    }

    public void withdraw() {
        this.account.withdraw(amount);
    }

    public void printBalance() {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()
                + " : TransactionType: " + this.transactionType + ", Amount: "
                + this.amount);
        System.out.println("Account Balance: "
                + this.account.getAccountBalance());
    }
}

class Account {
    private int accountNumber;
    private double accountBalance;

    public int getAccountNumber() {
        return accountNumber;
    }

    public double getAccountBalance() {
        return accountBalance;
    }

    public Account(int accountNumber) {
        this.accountNumber = accountNumber;
    }

    // If this method is not synchronized, you will see race condition on
    // Remove syncronized keyword to see race condition
    public synchronized boolean deposit(double amount) {
        if (amount < 0) {
            return false;
        } else {
            accountBalance = accountBalance + amount;
            return true;
        }
    }

    // If this method is not synchronized, you will see race condition on
    // Remove syncronized keyword to see race condition
    public synchronized boolean withdraw(double amount) {
        if (amount > accountBalance) {
            return false;
        } else {
            accountBalance = accountBalance - amount;
            return true;
        }
    }
}

我做了一个视频来解释这个。

从本质上讲，它是当你有一个跨多个线程共享的状态，在一个给定状态的第一次执行完成之前，另一个执行开始，一个给定操作的新线程的初始状态是错误的，因为前一次执行还没有完成。

由于第二次执行的初始状态是错误的，因此计算结果也是错误的。因为最终第二次执行会用错误的结果更新最终状态。

你可以在这里查看。 https://youtu.be/RWRicNoWKOY

考虑一个操作，该操作必须在计数增加时立即显示计数。ie。，只要CounterThread增加值，DisplayThread就需要显示最近更新的值。

int i = 0;

输出

CounterThread -> i = 1  
DisplayThread -> i = 1  
CounterThread -> i = 2  
CounterThread -> i = 3  
CounterThread -> i = 4  
DisplayThread -> i = 4

在这里，CounterThread频繁地获取锁，并在DisplayThread显示它之前更新值。这里存在一个竞态条件。竞争条件可以通过使用同步来解决

竞态条件是并发编程中的一种情况，其中两个并发线程或进程争夺资源，最终状态取决于谁先获得资源。

微软实际上已经发布了一篇关于竞态条件和死锁的非常详细的文章。最概括的摘要是标题段:

A race condition occurs when two threads access a shared variable at the same time. The first thread reads the variable, and the second thread reads the same value from the variable. Then the first thread and second thread perform their operations on the value, and they race to see which thread can write the value last to the shared variable. The value of the thread that writes its value last is preserved, because the thread is writing over the value that the previous thread wrote.

您并不总是希望丢弃竞态条件。如果你有一个可以被多个线程读写的标志，并且这个标志被一个线程设置为“done”，这样当标志被设置为“done”时，其他线程就会停止处理，你不希望这个“竞争条件”被消除。事实上，这可以被称为良性竞态条件。

然而，使用检测竞态条件的工具，它将被视为有害的竞态条件。

更多关于比赛情况的详细信息，请访问http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/cc546569.aspx。