这里有一种移动一个现有列的方法，它将修改现有的数据帧。

my_column = df.pop('column name')
df.insert(3, my_column.name, my_column)  # Is in-place

一种简单的方法是用列列表重新分配数据帧，根据需要重新排列。

这就是你现在拥有的：

In [6]: df
Out[6]:
          0         1         2         3         4      mean
0  0.445598  0.173835  0.343415  0.682252  0.582616  0.445543
1  0.881592  0.696942  0.702232  0.696724  0.373551  0.670208
2  0.662527  0.955193  0.131016  0.609548  0.804694  0.632596
3  0.260919  0.783467  0.593433  0.033426  0.512019  0.436653
4  0.131842  0.799367  0.182828  0.683330  0.019485  0.363371
5  0.498784  0.873495  0.383811  0.699289  0.480447  0.587165
6  0.388771  0.395757  0.745237  0.628406  0.784473  0.588529
7  0.147986  0.459451  0.310961  0.706435  0.100914  0.345149
8  0.394947  0.863494  0.585030  0.565944  0.356561  0.553195
9  0.689260  0.865243  0.136481  0.386582  0.730399  0.561593

In [7]: cols = df.columns.tolist()

In [8]: cols
Out[8]: [0L, 1L, 2L, 3L, 4L, 'mean']

按任意方式重新排列列。这是我将最后一个元素移动到第一个位置的方式：

In [12]: cols = cols[-1:] + cols[:-1]

In [13]: cols
Out[13]: ['mean', 0L, 1L, 2L, 3L, 4L]

然后重新排序数据帧，如下所示：

In [16]: df = df[cols]  #    OR    df = df.ix[:, cols]

In [17]: df
Out[17]:
       mean         0         1         2         3         4
0  0.445543  0.445598  0.173835  0.343415  0.682252  0.582616
1  0.670208  0.881592  0.696942  0.702232  0.696724  0.373551
2  0.632596  0.662527  0.955193  0.131016  0.609548  0.804694
3  0.436653  0.260919  0.783467  0.593433  0.033426  0.512019
4  0.363371  0.131842  0.799367  0.182828  0.683330  0.019485
5  0.587165  0.498784  0.873495  0.383811  0.699289  0.480447
6  0.588529  0.388771  0.395757  0.745237  0.628406  0.784473
7  0.345149  0.147986  0.459451  0.310961  0.706435  0.100914
8  0.553195  0.394947  0.863494  0.585030  0.565944  0.356561
9  0.561593  0.689260  0.865243  0.136481  0.386582  0.730399

我有一个在panda中重新排序列名的非常具体的用例。有时我在基于现有列的数据帧中创建一个新列。默认情况下，panda将在末尾插入我的新列，但我希望新列插入到它派生的现有列旁边。

def rearrange_list(input_list, input_item_to_move, input_item_insert_here):
    '''
    Helper function to re-arrange the order of items in a list.
    Useful for moving column in pandas dataframe.

    Inputs:
        input_list - list
        input_item_to_move - item in list to move
        input_item_insert_here - item in list, insert before 

    returns:
        output_list
    '''
    # make copy for output, make sure it's a list
    output_list = list(input_list)

    # index of item to move
    idx_move = output_list.index(input_item_to_move)

    # pop off the item to move
    itm_move = output_list.pop(idx_move)

    # index of item to insert here
    idx_insert = output_list.index(input_item_insert_here)

    # insert item to move into here
    output_list.insert(idx_insert, itm_move)

    return output_list


import pandas as pd

# step 1: create sample dataframe
df = pd.DataFrame({
    'motorcycle': ['motorcycle1', 'motorcycle2', 'motorcycle3'],
    'initial_odometer': [101, 500, 322],
    'final_odometer': [201, 515, 463],
    'other_col_1': ['blah', 'blah', 'blah'],
    'other_col_2': ['blah', 'blah', 'blah']
})
print('Step 1: create sample dataframe')
display(df)
print()

# step 2: add new column that is difference between final and initial
df['change_odometer'] = df['final_odometer']-df['initial_odometer']
print('Step 2: add new column')
display(df)
print()

# step 3: rearrange columns
ls_cols = df.columns
ls_cols = rearrange_list(ls_cols, 'change_odometer', 'final_odometer')
df=df[ls_cols]
print('Step 3: rearrange columns')
display(df)

简单地说，

df = df[['mean'] + df.columns[:-1].tolist()]

您可以使用可用于两个轴的重新索引：

df
#           0         1         2         3         4      mean
# 0  0.943825  0.202490  0.071908  0.452985  0.678397  0.469921
# 1  0.745569  0.103029  0.268984  0.663710  0.037813  0.363821
# 2  0.693016  0.621525  0.031589  0.956703  0.118434  0.484254
# 3  0.284922  0.527293  0.791596  0.243768  0.629102  0.495336
# 4  0.354870  0.113014  0.326395  0.656415  0.172445  0.324628
# 5  0.815584  0.532382  0.195437  0.829670  0.019001  0.478415
# 6  0.944587  0.068690  0.811771  0.006846  0.698785  0.506136
# 7  0.595077  0.437571  0.023520  0.772187  0.862554  0.538182
# 8  0.700771  0.413958  0.097996  0.355228  0.656919  0.444974
# 9  0.263138  0.906283  0.121386  0.624336  0.859904  0.555009

df.reindex(['mean', *range(5)], axis=1)

#        mean         0         1         2         3         4
# 0  0.469921  0.943825  0.202490  0.071908  0.452985  0.678397
# 1  0.363821  0.745569  0.103029  0.268984  0.663710  0.037813
# 2  0.484254  0.693016  0.621525  0.031589  0.956703  0.118434
# 3  0.495336  0.284922  0.527293  0.791596  0.243768  0.629102
# 4  0.324628  0.354870  0.113014  0.326395  0.656415  0.172445
# 5  0.478415  0.815584  0.532382  0.195437  0.829670  0.019001
# 6  0.506136  0.944587  0.068690  0.811771  0.006846  0.698785
# 7  0.538182  0.595077  0.437571  0.023520  0.772187  0.862554
# 8  0.444974  0.700771  0.413958  0.097996  0.355228  0.656919
# 9  0.555009  0.263138  0.906283  0.121386  0.624336  0.859904

熊猫>=1.3（2022年编辑）：

df.insert(0, 'mean', df.pop('mean'))

怎么样（对于熊猫<1.3，原始答案）

df.insert(0, 'mean', df['mean'])

https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/user_guide/dsintro.html#column-选择添加删除