作为Mark Biek答案的一个小变化，对于像这样的不常见情况，用户有一堆函数调用要延迟，而参数要打包（而且不值得构建一堆不符合逻辑的函数），而不是这样：

d = {
    "a1": lambda: a(1),
    "a2": lambda: a(2),
    "b": lambda: b("foo"),
    "c": lambda: c(),
    "z": lambda: z("bar", 25),
    }
return d[string]()

…您可以这样做：

d = {
    "a1": (a, 1),
    "a2": (a, 2),
    "b": (b, "foo"),
    "c": (c,)
    "z": (z, "bar", 25),
    }
func, *args = d[string]
return func(*args)

这当然更短，但它是否更可读是一个悬而未决的问题…

我认为从lambda转换为partial可能更容易理解（虽然不是更简单）：

d = {
    "a1": partial(a, 1),
    "a2": partial(a, 2),
    "b": partial(b, "foo"),
    "c": c,
    "z": partial(z, "bar", 25),
    }
return d[string]()

…它的优点是可以很好地处理关键字参数：

d = {
    "a1": partial(a, 1),
    "a2": partial(a, 2),
    "b": partial(b, "foo"),
    "c": c,
    "k": partial(k, key=int),
    "z": partial(z, "bar", 25),
    }
return d[string]()

扩展Greg Hewgill的答案-我们可以使用装饰器封装字典解决方案：

def case(callable):
    """switch-case decorator"""
    class case_class(object):
        def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
            self.args = args
            self.kwargs = kwargs

        def do_call(self):
            return callable(*self.args, **self.kwargs)

return case_class

def switch(key, cases, default=None):
    """switch-statement"""
    ret = None
    try:
        ret = case[key].do_call()
    except KeyError:
        if default:
            ret = default.do_call()
    finally:
        return ret

然后可以将其与@case decorator一起使用

@case
def case_1(arg1):
    print 'case_1: ', arg1

@case
def case_2(arg1, arg2):
    print 'case_2'
    return arg1, arg2

@case
def default_case(arg1, arg2, arg3):
    print 'default_case: ', arg1, arg2, arg3

ret = switch(somearg, {
    1: case_1('somestring'),
    2: case_2(13, 42)
}, default_case(123, 'astring', 3.14))

print ret

好消息是，这已经在NeoPySwitch模块中完成。只需使用pip进行安装：

pip install NeoPySwitch

扩展“dict as switch”思想。如果要为交换机使用默认值：

def f(x):
    try:
        return {
            'a': 1,
            'b': 2,
        }[x]
    except KeyError:
        return 'default'

我倾向于使用字典的解决方案是：

def decision_time( key, *args, **kwargs):
    def action1()
        """This function is a closure - and has access to all the arguments"""
        pass
    def action2()
        """This function is a closure - and has access to all the arguments"""
        pass
    def action3()
        """This function is a closure - and has access to all the arguments"""
        pass

   return {1:action1, 2:action2, 3:action3}.get(key,default)()

这样做的优点是它不需要每次都对函数求值，您只需确保外部函数获得内部函数所需的所有信息。

我最喜欢的是一个非常好的食谱。这是我见过的最接近实际switchcase语句的语句，尤其是在特性中。

class switch(object):
    def __init__(self, value):
        self.value = value
        self.fall = False

    def __iter__(self):
        """Return the match method once, then stop"""
        yield self.match
        raise StopIteration
    
    def match(self, *args):
        """Indicate whether or not to enter a case suite"""
        if self.fall or not args:
            return True
        elif self.value in args: # changed for v1.5, see below
            self.fall = True
            return True
        else:
            return False

下面是一个示例：

# The following example is pretty much the exact use-case of a dictionary,
# but is included for its simplicity. Note that you can include statements
# in each suite.
v = 'ten'
for case in switch(v):
    if case('one'):
        print 1
        break
    if case('two'):
        print 2
        break
    if case('ten'):
        print 10
        break
    if case('eleven'):
        print 11
        break
    if case(): # default, could also just omit condition or 'if True'
        print "something else!"
        # No need to break here, it'll stop anyway

# break is used here to look as much like the real thing as possible, but
# elif is generally just as good and more concise.

# Empty suites are considered syntax errors, so intentional fall-throughs
# should contain 'pass'
c = 'z'
for case in switch(c):
    if case('a'): pass # only necessary if the rest of the suite is empty
    if case('b'): pass
    # ...
    if case('y'): pass
    if case('z'):
        print "c is lowercase!"
        break
    if case('A'): pass
    # ...
    if case('Z'):
        print "c is uppercase!"
        break
    if case(): # default
        print "I dunno what c was!"

# As suggested by Pierre Quentel, you can even expand upon the
# functionality of the classic 'case' statement by matching multiple
# cases in a single shot. This greatly benefits operations such as the
# uppercase/lowercase example above:
import string
c = 'A'
for case in switch(c):
    if case(*string.lowercase): # note the * for unpacking as arguments
        print "c is lowercase!"
        break
    if case(*string.uppercase):
        print "c is uppercase!"
        break
    if case('!', '?', '.'): # normal argument passing style also applies
        print "c is a sentence terminator!"
        break
    if case(): # default
        print "I dunno what c was!"

一些评论指出，使用foo作为case而不是foo中的case的上下文管理器解决方案可能更干净，对于大型switch语句，线性而不是二次行为可能是一个不错的选择。使用for循环的答案的一部分价值是有中断和突破的能力，如果我们愿意稍微使用我们选择的关键字，我们也可以在上下文管理器中实现这一点：

class Switch:
    def __init__(self, value):
        self.value = value
        self._entered = False
        self._broken = False
        self._prev = None

    def __enter__(self):
        return self

    def __exit__(self, type, value, traceback):
        return False # Allows a traceback to occur

    def __call__(self, *values):
        if self._broken:
            return False
        
        if not self._entered:
            if values and self.value not in values:
                return False
            self._entered, self._prev = True, values
            return True
        
        if self._prev is None:
            self._prev = values
            return True
        
        if self._prev != values:
            self._broken = True
            return False
        
        if self._prev == values:
            self._prev = None
            return False
    
    @property
    def default(self):
        return self()

下面是一个示例：

# Prints 'bar' then 'baz'.
with Switch(2) as case:
    while case(0):
        print('foo')
    while case(1, 2, 3):
        print('bar')
    while case(4, 5):
        print('baz')
        break
    while case.default:
        print('default')
        break

我喜欢Mark Bies的回答

由于x变量必须使用两次，我将lambda函数修改为无参数。

我必须运行结果[value]（value）

In [2]: result = {
    ...:   'a': lambda x: 'A',
    ...:   'b': lambda x: 'B',
    ...:   'c': lambda x: 'C'
    ...: }
    ...: result['a']('a')
    ...: 
Out[2]: 'A'

In [3]: result = {
    ...:   'a': lambda : 'A',
    ...:   'b': lambda : 'B',
    ...:   'c': lambda : 'C',
    ...:   None: lambda : 'Nothing else matters'

    ...: }
    ...: result['a']()
    ...: 
Out[3]: 'A'

编辑：我注意到我可以在字典中使用None类型。因此，这将模拟交换机；其他情况