下面的位运算符在现实世界中有哪些用例?
和 XOR 不 或 左/右转
当前回答
在当今现代语言的抽象世界里，没有太多。File IO是一个容易想到的方法，尽管它是在已经实现的东西上执行按位操作，而不是实现使用按位操作的东西。尽管如此，作为一个简单的例子，这段代码演示了在c#中删除文件上的只读属性(这样它就可以与指定FileMode.Create的新FileStream一起使用):
//Hidden files posses some extra attibutes that make the FileStream throw an exception
//even with FileMode.Create (if exists -> overwrite) so delete it and don't worry about it!
if(File.Exists(targetName))
{
FileAttributes attributes = File.GetAttributes(targetName);
if ((attributes & FileAttributes.ReadOnly) == FileAttributes.ReadOnly)
File.SetAttributes(targetName, attributes & (~FileAttributes.ReadOnly));
File.Delete(targetName);
}
As far as custom implementations, here's a recent example: I created a "message center" for sending secure messages from one installation of our distributed application to another. Basically, it's analogous to email, complete with Inbox, Outbox, Sent, etc, but it also has guaranteed delivery with read receipts, so there are additional subfolders beyond "inbox" and "sent." What this amounted to was a requirement for me to define generically what's "in the inbox" or what's "in the sent folder". Of the sent folder, I need to know what's read and what's unread. Of what's unread, I need to know what's received and what's not received. I use this information to build a dynamic where clause which filters a local datasource and displays the appropriate information.
下面是枚举是如何组合在一起的:
public enum MemoView :int
{
InboundMemos = 1, // 0000 0001
InboundMemosForMyOrders = 3, // 0000 0011
SentMemosAll = 16, // 0001 0000
SentMemosNotReceived = 48, // 0011
SentMemosReceivedNotRead = 80, // 0101
SentMemosRead = 144, // 1001
Outbox = 272, //0001 0001 0000
OutBoxErrors = 784 //0011 0001 0000
}
你明白这是怎么回事了吗?通过与“收件箱”枚举值InboundMemos加上(&)，我知道InboundMemosForMyOrders在收件箱中。
下面是该方法的简化版本，它构建并返回为当前选择的文件夹定义视图的过滤器:
private string GetFilterForView(MemoView view, DefaultableBoolean readOnly)
{
string filter = string.Empty;
if((view & MemoView.InboundMemos) == MemoView.InboundMemos)
{
filter = "<inbox filter conditions>";
if((view & MemoView.InboundMemosForMyOrders) == MemoView.InboundMemosForMyOrders)
{
filter += "<my memo filter conditions>";
}
}
else if((view & MemoView.SentMemosAll) == MemoView.SentMemosAll)
{
//all sent items have originating system = to local
filter = "<memos leaving current system>";
if((view & MemoView.Outbox) == MemoView.Outbox)
{
...
}
else
{
//sent sub folders
filter += "<all sent items>";
if((view & MemoView.SentMemosNotReceived) == MemoView.SentMemosNotReceived)
{
if((view & MemoView.SentMemosReceivedNotRead) == MemoView.SentMemosReceivedNotRead)
{
filter += "<not received and not read conditions>";
}
else
filter += "<received and not read conditions>";
}
}
}
return filter;
}
非常简单，但在抽象级别上是一个整洁的实现，通常不需要按位操作。
其他回答
如果你想计算你的数字mod(%) 2的某次方，你可以使用yourNumber & 2^N-1，在这种情况下，它与yourNumber % 2^N相同。
number % 16 = number & 15;
number % 128 = number & 127;
这可能只是作为模数运算的一种替代品有用，它的红利很大，是2^N。但即便如此，在我在。net 2.0上的测试中，它相对于模运算的速度提升也可以忽略不计。我怀疑现代编译器已经执行了这样的优化。有人知道更多吗?
一个数x是2的幂吗?(例如，在计数器递增的算法中很有用，并且一个操作只执行对数次)
(x & (x - 1)) == 0
整数x的最高位是哪位?(例如，这可以用来找出比x大的2的最小次幂)
x |= (x >> 1);
x |= (x >> 2);
x |= (x >> 4);
x |= (x >> 8);
x |= (x >> 16);
return x - (x >>> 1); // ">>>" is unsigned right shift
整数x的最小1位是哪一位?(帮助找出能被2整除的次数。)
x & -x
不久前，我在维基上写了一篇小文章，展示了一个二进制的作者/读者。它在位级上工作，并展示了如何使用位操作符来打包数据。这可能是一个“现实世界”的例子，因为它在游戏中也有应用。
在当今现代语言的抽象世界里，没有太多。File IO是一个容易想到的方法，尽管它是在已经实现的东西上执行按位操作，而不是实现使用按位操作的东西。尽管如此，作为一个简单的例子，这段代码演示了在c#中删除文件上的只读属性(这样它就可以与指定FileMode.Create的新FileStream一起使用):
//Hidden files posses some extra attibutes that make the FileStream throw an exception
//even with FileMode.Create (if exists -> overwrite) so delete it and don't worry about it!
if(File.Exists(targetName))
{
FileAttributes attributes = File.GetAttributes(targetName);
if ((attributes & FileAttributes.ReadOnly) == FileAttributes.ReadOnly)
File.SetAttributes(targetName, attributes & (~FileAttributes.ReadOnly));
File.Delete(targetName);
}
As far as custom implementations, here's a recent example: I created a "message center" for sending secure messages from one installation of our distributed application to another. Basically, it's analogous to email, complete with Inbox, Outbox, Sent, etc, but it also has guaranteed delivery with read receipts, so there are additional subfolders beyond "inbox" and "sent." What this amounted to was a requirement for me to define generically what's "in the inbox" or what's "in the sent folder". Of the sent folder, I need to know what's read and what's unread. Of what's unread, I need to know what's received and what's not received. I use this information to build a dynamic where clause which filters a local datasource and displays the appropriate information.
下面是枚举是如何组合在一起的:
public enum MemoView :int
{
InboundMemos = 1, // 0000 0001
InboundMemosForMyOrders = 3, // 0000 0011
SentMemosAll = 16, // 0001 0000
SentMemosNotReceived = 48, // 0011
SentMemosReceivedNotRead = 80, // 0101
SentMemosRead = 144, // 1001
Outbox = 272, //0001 0001 0000
OutBoxErrors = 784 //0011 0001 0000
}
你明白这是怎么回事了吗?通过与“收件箱”枚举值InboundMemos加上(&)，我知道InboundMemosForMyOrders在收件箱中。
下面是该方法的简化版本，它构建并返回为当前选择的文件夹定义视图的过滤器:
private string GetFilterForView(MemoView view, DefaultableBoolean readOnly)
{
string filter = string.Empty;
if((view & MemoView.InboundMemos) == MemoView.InboundMemos)
{
filter = "<inbox filter conditions>";
if((view & MemoView.InboundMemosForMyOrders) == MemoView.InboundMemosForMyOrders)
{
filter += "<my memo filter conditions>";
}
}
else if((view & MemoView.SentMemosAll) == MemoView.SentMemosAll)
{
//all sent items have originating system = to local
filter = "<memos leaving current system>";
if((view & MemoView.Outbox) == MemoView.Outbox)
{
...
}
else
{
//sent sub folders
filter += "<all sent items>";
if((view & MemoView.SentMemosNotReceived) == MemoView.SentMemosNotReceived)
{
if((view & MemoView.SentMemosReceivedNotRead) == MemoView.SentMemosReceivedNotRead)
{
filter += "<not received and not read conditions>";
}
else
filter += "<received and not read conditions>";
}
}
}
return filter;
}
非常简单，但在抽象级别上是一个整洁的实现，通常不需要按位操作。
大约三分钟前，我刚刚使用了位异或(^)来计算与PLC串行通信的校验和…
