大约三分钟前，我刚刚使用了位异或(^)来计算与PLC串行通信的校验和…

下面是一些处理将标志存储为单个位的常见习惯用法。

enum CDRIndicators {
  Local = 1 << 0,
  External = 1 << 1,
  CallerIDMissing = 1 << 2,
  Chargeable = 1 << 3
};

unsigned int flags = 0;

设置Chargeable标志:

flags |= Chargeable;

清除CallerIDMissing标记:

flags &= ~CallerIDMissing;

测试CallerIDMissing和Chargeable是否设置:

if((flags & (CallerIDMissing | Chargeable )) == (CallerIDMissing | Chargeable)) {

}

Bit fields (flags) They're the most efficient way of representing something whose state is defined by several "yes or no" properties. ACLs are a good example; if you have let's say 4 discrete permissions (read, write, execute, change policy), it's better to store this in 1 byte rather than waste 4. These can be mapped to enumeration types in many languages for added convenience. Communication over ports/sockets Always involves checksums, parity, stop bits, flow control algorithms, and so on, which usually depend on the logic values of individual bytes as opposed to numeric values, since the medium may only be capable of transmitting one bit at a time. Compression, Encryption Both of these are heavily dependent on bitwise algorithms. Look at the deflate algorithm for an example - everything is in bits, not bytes. Finite State Machines I'm speaking primarily of the kind embedded in some piece of hardware, although they can be found in software too. These are combinatorial in nature - they might literally be getting "compiled" down to a bunch of logic gates, so they have to be expressed as AND, OR, NOT, etc. Graphics There's hardly enough space here to get into every area where these operators are used in graphics programming. XOR (or ^) is particularly interesting here because applying the same input a second time will undo the first. Older GUIs used to rely on this for selection highlighting and other overlays, in order to eliminate the need for costly redraws. They're still useful in slow graphics protocols (i.e. remote desktop).

这些只是我最先想到的几个例子——这不是一个详尽的清单。

大约三分钟前，我刚刚使用了位异或(^)来计算与PLC串行通信的校验和…

我曾在一些游戏开发书籍中看到它是一种更有效的乘除方法。

2 << 3 == 2 * 8 
32 >> 4 == 32 / 16

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