如何正确清理Excel互操作对象？

我在C#（ApplicationClass）中使用Excel互操作，并在finally子句中放置了以下代码：

while (System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(excelSheet) != 0) { }
excelSheet = null;
GC.Collect();
GC.WaitForPendingFinalizers();

尽管这种方法有效，但即使在我关闭Excel之后，Excel.exe进程仍处于后台。它只在我的应用程序被手动关闭后发布。

我做错了什么，或者是否有其他方法可以确保正确处理互操作对象？

当前回答

使用Microsoft Excel 2016测试

一个真正经过测试的解决方案。

参考C#，请参见：https://stackoverflow.com/a/1307180/10442623

VB.net参考请参见：https://stackoverflow.com/a/54044646/10442623

1包括课堂作业

2实现该类以处理excel进程的适当处理

2019-01-04 19:26:25

其他回答

只是为了给这里列出的众多解决方案添加另一个解决方案，使用C++/ATL自动化（我想您可以使用类似于VB/C#？？的东西）

Excel::_ApplicationPtr pXL = ...
  :
SendMessage ( ( HWND ) m_pXL->GetHwnd ( ), WM_DESTROY, 0, 0 ) ;

这对我来说很有魅力。。。

2016-04-07 12:29:30

更新：添加了C#代码，并链接到Windows作业

我花了一些时间试图解决这个问题，当时XtremeVBTalk是最活跃和响应最快的。这里有一个链接到我的原始文章，“即使应用程序崩溃，也要干净地关闭Excel互操作过程”。下面是文章的摘要，以及复制到本文的代码。

使用Application.Quit（）和process.Kill（）关闭Interop进程在很大程度上是有效的，但如果应用程序发生灾难性崩溃，则会失败。也就是说，如果应用程序崩溃，Excel进程仍将运行松散。解决方案是让操作系统使用Win32调用通过Windows作业对象处理进程的清理。当主应用程序失效时，相关的进程（即Excel）也将终止。

我发现这是一个干净的解决方案，因为操作系统正在进行真正的清理工作。您所要做的就是注册Excel进程。

Windows作业代码

包装Win32 API调用以注册互操作进程。

public enum JobObjectInfoType
{
    AssociateCompletionPortInformation = 7,
    BasicLimitInformation = 2,
    BasicUIRestrictions = 4,
    EndOfJobTimeInformation = 6,
    ExtendedLimitInformation = 9,
    SecurityLimitInformation = 5,
    GroupInformation = 11
}

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES
{
    public int nLength;
    public IntPtr lpSecurityDescriptor;
    public int bInheritHandle;
}

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
struct JOBOBJECT_BASIC_LIMIT_INFORMATION
{
    public Int64 PerProcessUserTimeLimit;
    public Int64 PerJobUserTimeLimit;
    public Int16 LimitFlags;
    public UInt32 MinimumWorkingSetSize;
    public UInt32 MaximumWorkingSetSize;
    public Int16 ActiveProcessLimit;
    public Int64 Affinity;
    public Int16 PriorityClass;
    public Int16 SchedulingClass;
}

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
struct IO_COUNTERS
{
    public UInt64 ReadOperationCount;
    public UInt64 WriteOperationCount;
    public UInt64 OtherOperationCount;
    public UInt64 ReadTransferCount;
    public UInt64 WriteTransferCount;
    public UInt64 OtherTransferCount;
}

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
struct JOBOBJECT_EXTENDED_LIMIT_INFORMATION
{
    public JOBOBJECT_BASIC_LIMIT_INFORMATION BasicLimitInformation;
    public IO_COUNTERS IoInfo;
    public UInt32 ProcessMemoryLimit;
    public UInt32 JobMemoryLimit;
    public UInt32 PeakProcessMemoryUsed;
    public UInt32 PeakJobMemoryUsed;
}

public class Job : IDisposable
{
    [DllImport("kernel32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
    static extern IntPtr CreateJobObject(object a, string lpName);

    [DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
    static extern bool SetInformationJobObject(IntPtr hJob, JobObjectInfoType infoType, IntPtr lpJobObjectInfo, uint cbJobObjectInfoLength);

    [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
    static extern bool AssignProcessToJobObject(IntPtr job, IntPtr process);

    private IntPtr m_handle;
    private bool m_disposed = false;

    public Job()
    {
        m_handle = CreateJobObject(null, null);

        JOBOBJECT_BASIC_LIMIT_INFORMATION info = new JOBOBJECT_BASIC_LIMIT_INFORMATION();
        info.LimitFlags = 0x2000;

        JOBOBJECT_EXTENDED_LIMIT_INFORMATION extendedInfo = new JOBOBJECT_EXTENDED_LIMIT_INFORMATION();
        extendedInfo.BasicLimitInformation = info;

        int length = Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(JOBOBJECT_EXTENDED_LIMIT_INFORMATION));
        IntPtr extendedInfoPtr = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(length);
        Marshal.StructureToPtr(extendedInfo, extendedInfoPtr, false);

        if (!SetInformationJobObject(m_handle, JobObjectInfoType.ExtendedLimitInformation, extendedInfoPtr, (uint)length))
            throw new Exception(string.Format("Unable to set information.  Error: {0}", Marshal.GetLastWin32Error()));
    }

    #region IDisposable Members

    public void Dispose()
    {
        Dispose(true);
        GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
    }

    #endregion

    private void Dispose(bool disposing)
    {
        if (m_disposed)
            return;

        if (disposing) {}

        Close();
        m_disposed = true;
    }

    public void Close()
    {
        Win32.CloseHandle(m_handle);
        m_handle = IntPtr.Zero;
    }

    public bool AddProcess(IntPtr handle)
    {
        return AssignProcessToJobObject(m_handle, handle);
    }

}

关于构造函数代码的注释

在构造函数中，info.LimitFlags=0x2000；被调用。0x2000是JOB_OBJECT_LIMIT_KILL_ON_JOB_CLOSE枚举值，MSDN将此值定义为：

当作业的最后一个句柄关闭。

获取进程ID（PID）的额外Win32 API调用

    [DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
    public static extern uint GetWindowThreadProcessId(IntPtr hWnd, out uint lpdwProcessId);

使用代码

    Excel.Application app = new Excel.ApplicationClass();
    Job job = new Job();
    uint pid = 0;
    Win32.GetWindowThreadProcessId(new IntPtr(app.Hwnd), out pid);
    job.AddProcess(Process.GetProcessById((int)pid).Handle);

2009-08-20 16:00:37

我找到了一个有用的通用模板，它可以帮助实现COM对象的正确处置模式，这些对象在超出范围时需要调用Marshal.ReleaseComObject：

用法：

using (AutoReleaseComObject<Application> excelApplicationWrapper = new AutoReleaseComObject<Application>(new Application()))
{
    try
    {
        using (AutoReleaseComObject<Workbook> workbookWrapper = new AutoReleaseComObject<Workbook>(excelApplicationWrapper.ComObject.Workbooks.Open(namedRangeBase.FullName, false, false, missing, missing, missing, true, missing, missing, true, missing, missing, missing, missing, missing)))
        {
           // do something with your workbook....
        }
    }
    finally
    {
         excelApplicationWrapper.ComObject.Quit();
    } 
}

模板：

public class AutoReleaseComObject<T> : IDisposable
{
    private T m_comObject;
    private bool m_armed = true;
    private bool m_disposed = false;

    public AutoReleaseComObject(T comObject)
    {
        Debug.Assert(comObject != null);
        m_comObject = comObject;
    }

#if DEBUG
    ~AutoReleaseComObject()
    {
        // We should have been disposed using Dispose().
        Debug.WriteLine("Finalize being called, should have been disposed");

        if (this.ComObject != null)
        {
            Debug.WriteLine(string.Format("ComObject was not null:{0}, name:{1}.", this.ComObject, this.ComObjectName));
        }

        //Debug.Assert(false);
    }
#endif

    public T ComObject
    {
        get
        {
            Debug.Assert(!m_disposed);
            return m_comObject;
        }
    }

    private string ComObjectName
    {
        get
        {
            if(this.ComObject is Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbook)
            {
                return ((Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbook)this.ComObject).Name;
            }

            return null;
        }
    }

    public void Disarm()
    {
        Debug.Assert(!m_disposed);
        m_armed = false;
    }

    #region IDisposable Members

    public void Dispose()
    {
        Dispose(true);
#if DEBUG
        GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
#endif
    }

    #endregion

    protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)
    {
        if (!m_disposed)
        {
            if (m_armed)
            {
                int refcnt = 0;
                do
                {
                    refcnt = System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(m_comObject);
                } while (refcnt > 0);

                m_comObject = default(T);
            }

            m_disposed = true;
        }
    }
}

参考：

http://www.deez.info/sengelha/2005/02/11/useful-idisposable-class-3-autoreleasecomobject/

2008-12-08 11:10:50

我不敢相信这个问题已经困扰了世界五年。。。。如果您已经创建了应用程序，则需要在删除链接之前先关闭它。

objExcel = new Excel.Application();  
objBook = (Excel.Workbook)(objExcel.Workbooks.Add(Type.Missing));

关闭时

objBook.Close(true, Type.Missing, Type.Missing); 
objExcel.Application.Quit();
objExcel.Quit();

当您新建一个excel应用程序时，它会在后台打开一个excel程序。您需要在释放链接之前命令该excel程序退出，因为该excel程序不是您直接控制的一部分。因此，如果链接被释放，它将保持开放！

每个人都很好编程~~

2010-11-21 03:41:13