接受的答案在Azure SQL上不适合我，这里有一个，它非常快，完全符合我的要求:

select t.name, s.row_count
from sys.tables t
join sys.dm_db_partition_stats s
  ON t.object_id = s.object_id
    and t.type_desc = 'USER_TABLE'
    and t.name not like '%dss%'
    and s.index_id = 1
order by s.row_count desc

要在SQL Management Studio中获取该信息，右键单击数据库，然后选择Reports—> Standard Reports—> Disk Usage by Table。

以下是我对这个问题的看法。它包含所有模式，只列出带行的表。YMMV

select distinct schema_name(t.schema_id) as schema_name, t.name as 
table_name, p.[Rows]
from sys.tables as t
INNER JOIN sys.indexes as i ON t.OBJECT_ID = i.object_id
INNER JOIN sys.partitions p ON i.object_id = p.OBJECT_ID AND i.index_id = 
p.index_id
where p.[Rows] > 0
order by schema_name;

我在http://www.sqlteam.com/forums/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=21021上找到了一个帮助我的片段:

select t.name TableName, i.rows Records
from sysobjects t, sysindexes i
where t.xtype = 'U' and i.id = t.id and i.indid in (0,1)
order by TableName;

这种方法使用字符串连接来动态生成包含所有表及其计数的语句，就像原始问题中给出的示例:

          SELECT COUNT(*) AS Count,'[dbo].[tbl1]' AS TableName FROM [dbo].[tbl1]
UNION ALL SELECT COUNT(*) AS Count,'[dbo].[tbl2]' AS TableName FROM [dbo].[tbl2]
UNION ALL SELECT...

最后用EXEC执行:

DECLARE @cmd VARCHAR(MAX)=STUFF(
                    (
                        SELECT 'UNION ALL SELECT COUNT(*) AS Count,''' 
                              + QUOTENAME(t.TABLE_SCHEMA) + '.' + QUOTENAME(t.TABLE_NAME) 
                              + ''' AS TableName FROM ' + QUOTENAME(t.TABLE_SCHEMA) + '.' + QUOTENAME(t.TABLE_NAME)
                        FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES AS t
                        WHERE TABLE_TYPE='BASE TABLE'
                        FOR XML PATH('')
                    ),1,10,'');
EXEC(@cmd);

USE DatabaseName
CREATE TABLE #counts
(
    table_name varchar(255),
    row_count int
)

EXEC sp_MSForEachTable @command1='INSERT #counts (table_name, row_count) SELECT ''?'', COUNT(*) FROM ?'
SELECT table_name, row_count FROM #counts ORDER BY table_name, row_count DESC
DROP TABLE #counts