我有一个对象x。我想将其复制为对象y,这样对y的更改不会修改x。我意识到复制从内置JavaScript对象派生的对象会导致额外的、不需要的财产。这不是问题,因为我正在复制我自己的一个文字构造对象。

如何正确克隆JavaScript对象?


当前回答

根据Airbnb JavaScript风格指南,有404位贡献者:

首选对象排列运算符而不是对象。指定为浅层复制物体。使用object rest操作符获取具有特定省略了财产。

// very bad
const original = { a: 1, b: 2 };
const copy = Object.assign(original, { c: 3 }); // this mutates `original` ಠ_ಠ
delete copy.a; // so does this

// bad
const original = { a: 1, b: 2 };
const copy = Object.assign({}, original, { c: 3 }); // copy => { a: 1, b: 2, c: 3 }

// good
const original = { a: 1, b: 2 };
const copy = { ...original, c: 3 }; // copy => { a: 1, b: 2, c: 3 }

const { a, ...noA } = copy; // noA => { b: 2, c: 3 }

此外,我想提醒您,尽管Airbnb几乎不建议使用对象扩散运算符方法。请记住,Microsoft Edge仍然不支持此2018功能。

ES2016+公司表>>

其他回答

//
// creates 'clone' method on context object
//
//  var 
//     clon = Object.clone( anyValue );
//
!((function (propertyName, definition) {
    this[propertyName] = definition();
}).call(
    Object,
    "clone",
    function () {
        function isfn(fn) {
            return typeof fn === "function";
        }

        function isobj(o) {
            return o === Object(o);
        }

        function isarray(o) {
            return Object.prototype.toString.call(o) === "[object Array]";
        }

        function fnclon(fn) {
            return function () {
                fn.apply(this, arguments);
            };
        }

        function owns(obj, p) {
            return obj.hasOwnProperty(p);
        }

        function isemptyobj(obj) {
            for (var p in obj) {
                return false;
            }
            return true;
        }

        function isObject(o) {
            return Object.prototype.toString.call(o) === "[object Object]";
        }
        return function (input) {
            if (isfn(input)) {
                return fnclon(input);
            } else if (isobj(input)) {
                var cloned = {};
                for (var p in input) {
                    owns(Object.prototype, p)
                    || (
                        isfn(input[p])
                        && ( cloned[p] = function () { return input[p].apply(input, arguments); } )
                        || ( cloned[p] = input[p] )
                    );
                }
                if (isarray(input)) {
                    cloned.length = input.length;
                    "concat every filter forEach indexOf join lastIndexOf map pop push reduce reduceRight reverse shift slice some sort splice toLocaleString toString unshift"
                    .split(" ")
                    .forEach(
                      function (methodName) {
                        isfn( Array.prototype[methodName] )
                        && (
                            cloned[methodName] =
                            function () {
                                return Array.prototype[methodName].apply(cloned, arguments);
                            }
                        );
                      }
                    );
                }
                return isemptyobj(cloned)
                       ? (
                          isObject(input)
                          ? cloned
                          : input
                        )
                       : cloned;
            } else {
                return input;
            }
        };
    }
));
//

好的,我知道它有很多答案,但没有人指出,EcmaScript5有赋值方法,在FF和Chrome上工作,它复制可枚举的,并且拥有财产和符号。

对象指定(Object Assign)

好的,假设你有下面的这个对象,你想克隆它:

let obj = {a:1, b:2, c:3}; //ES6

or

var obj = {a:1, b:2, c:3}; //ES5

答案主要取决于您使用的ECMAscript,在ES6+中,您可以简单地使用Object.assign来执行克隆:

let cloned = Object.assign({}, obj); //new {a:1, b:2, c:3};

或使用如下扩展运算符:

let cloned = {...obj}; //new {a:1, b:2, c:3};

但是如果你使用ES5,你可以使用很少的方法,但JSON.stringify,只需确保你没有使用大量数据来复制,但在很多情况下,这可能是一种简单的方法,比如:

let cloned = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(obj)); 
//new {a:1, b:2, c:3};, can be handy, but avoid using on big chunk of data over and over

在我的代码中,我经常定义一个函数(_)来处理副本,这样我就可以将值传递给函数。此代码创建一个深度副本,但保持继承。它还跟踪子副本,以便无需无限循环即可复制自引用对象。请随意使用。

这可能不是最优雅的,但它还没有让我失望。

_ = function(oReferance) {
  var aReferances = new Array();
  var getPrototypeOf = function(oObject) {
    if(typeof(Object.getPrototypeOf)!=="undefined") return Object.getPrototypeOf(oObject);
    var oTest = new Object();
    if(typeof(oObject.__proto__)!=="undefined"&&typeof(oTest.__proto__)!=="undefined"&&oTest.__proto__===Object.prototype) return oObject.__proto__;
    if(typeof(oObject.constructor)!=="undefined"&&typeof(oTest.constructor)!=="undefined"&&oTest.constructor===Object&&typeof(oObject.constructor.prototype)!=="undefined") return oObject.constructor.prototype;
    return Object.prototype;
  };
  var recursiveCopy = function(oSource) {
    if(typeof(oSource)!=="object") return oSource;
    if(oSource===null) return null;
    for(var i=0;i<aReferances.length;i++) if(aReferances[i][0]===oSource) return aReferances[i][1];
    var Copy = new Function();
    Copy.prototype = getPrototypeOf(oSource);
    var oCopy = new Copy();
    aReferances.push([oSource,oCopy]);
    for(sPropertyName in oSource) if(oSource.hasOwnProperty(sPropertyName)) oCopy[sPropertyName] = recursiveCopy(oSource[sPropertyName]);
    return oCopy;
  };
  return recursiveCopy(oReferance);
};

// Examples:
Wigit = function(){};
Wigit.prototype.bInThePrototype = true;
A = new Wigit();
A.nCoolNumber = 7;
B = _(A);
B.nCoolNumber = 8; // A.nCoolNumber is still 7
B.bInThePrototype // true
B instanceof Wigit // true

这是对A.Levy代码的修改,以处理函数和多个/循环引用的克隆。这意味着,如果克隆的树中的两个财产是同一对象的引用,则克隆的对象树将使这些财产指向被引用对象的同一克隆。这也解决了循环依赖性的问题,如果不加以处理,就会导致无限循环。算法的复杂度为O(n)

function clone(obj){
    var clonedObjectsArray = [];
    var originalObjectsArray = []; //used to remove the unique ids when finished
    var next_objid = 0;

    function objectId(obj) {
        if (obj == null) return null;
        if (obj.__obj_id == undefined){
            obj.__obj_id = next_objid++;
            originalObjectsArray[obj.__obj_id] = obj;
        }
        return obj.__obj_id;
    }

    function cloneRecursive(obj) {
        if (null == obj || typeof obj == "string" || typeof obj == "number" || typeof obj == "boolean") return obj;

        // Handle Date
        if (obj instanceof Date) {
            var copy = new Date();
            copy.setTime(obj.getTime());
            return copy;
        }

        // Handle Array
        if (obj instanceof Array) {
            var copy = [];
            for (var i = 0; i < obj.length; ++i) {
                copy[i] = cloneRecursive(obj[i]);
            }
            return copy;
        }

        // Handle Object
        if (obj instanceof Object) {
            if (clonedObjectsArray[objectId(obj)] != undefined)
                return clonedObjectsArray[objectId(obj)];

            var copy;
            if (obj instanceof Function)//Handle Function
                copy = function(){return obj.apply(this, arguments);};
            else
                copy = {};

            clonedObjectsArray[objectId(obj)] = copy;

            for (var attr in obj)
                if (attr != "__obj_id" && obj.hasOwnProperty(attr))
                    copy[attr] = cloneRecursive(obj[attr]);                 

            return copy;
        }       


        throw new Error("Unable to copy obj! Its type isn't supported.");
    }
    var cloneObj = cloneRecursive(obj);



    //remove the unique ids
    for (var i = 0; i < originalObjectsArray.length; i++)
    {
        delete originalObjectsArray[i].__obj_id;
    };

    return cloneObj;
}

一些快速测试

var auxobj = {
    prop1 : "prop1 aux val", 
    prop2 : ["prop2 item1", "prop2 item2"]
    };

var obj = new Object();
obj.prop1 = "prop1_value";
obj.prop2 = [auxobj, auxobj, "some extra val", undefined];
obj.nr = 3465;
obj.bool = true;

obj.f1 = function (){
    this.prop1 = "prop1 val changed by f1";
};

objclone = clone(obj);

//some tests i've made
console.log("test number, boolean and string cloning: " + (objclone.prop1 == obj.prop1 && objclone.nr == obj.nr && objclone.bool == obj.bool));

objclone.f1();
console.log("test function cloning 1: " + (objclone.prop1 == 'prop1 val changed by f1'));
objclone.f1.prop = 'some prop';
console.log("test function cloning 2: " + (obj.f1.prop == undefined));

objclone.prop2[0].prop1 = "prop1 aux val NEW";
console.log("test multiple references cloning 1: " + (objclone.prop2[1].prop1 == objclone.prop2[0].prop1));
console.log("test multiple references cloning 2: " + (objclone.prop2[1].prop1 != obj.prop2[0].prop1));