讓我試圖用四個例子來解釋我的理解:Java是通過價值,而不是通過参考。

* * *

◎

public class PassByValueString {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new PassByValueString().caller();
    }

    public void caller() {
        String value = "Nikhil";
        boolean valueflag = false;
        String output = method(value, valueflag);
        /*
         * 'output' is insignificant in this example. we are more interested in
         * 'value' and 'valueflag'
         */
        System.out.println("output : " + output);
        System.out.println("value : " + value);
        System.out.println("valueflag : " + valueflag);

    }

    public String method(String value, boolean valueflag) {
        value = "Anand";
        valueflag = true;
        return "output";
    }
}

output : output
value : Nikhil
valueflag : false

例子2:

/** * * Pass By 價值 */

public class PassByValueNewString {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new PassByValueNewString().caller();
    }

    public void caller() {
        String value = new String("Nikhil");
        boolean valueflag = false;
        String output = method(value, valueflag);
        /*
         * 'output' is insignificant in this example. we are more interested in
         * 'value' and 'valueflag'
         */
        System.out.println("output : " + output);
        System.out.println("value : " + value);
        System.out.println("valueflag : " + valueflag);

    }

    public String method(String value, boolean valueflag) {
        value = "Anand";
        valueflag = true;
        return "output";
    }
}

output : output
value : Nikhil
valueflag : false

/** 这个“通过价值”具有“通过参考”的感觉

但是,从这个例子,我们可以理解,它只是通过值,记住,在这里我们通过参考作为值. 也就是说:参考通过值. 这就是为什么它们可以改变,但它仍然保持在当地范围后真实。

public class PassByValueObjectCase1 {

    private class Student {
        int id;
        String name;
        public Student() {
        }
        public Student(int id, String name) {
            super();
            this.id = id;
            this.name = name;
        }
        public int getId() {
            return id;
        }
        public void setId(int id) {
            this.id = id;
        }
        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }
        public void setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "Student [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + "]";
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new PassByValueObjectCase1().caller();
    }

    public void caller() {
        Student student = new Student(10, "Nikhil");
        String output = method(student);
        /*
         * 'output' is insignificant in this example. we are more interested in
         * 'student'
         */
        System.out.println("output : " + output);
        System.out.println("student : " + student);
    }

    public String method(Student student) {
        student.setName("Anand");
        return "output";
    }
}

结果

output : output
student : Student [id=10, name=Anand]

例子4:

* * *

除了在Example3(PassByValueObjectCase1.java)中提到的外,我们不能在原始范围之外更改实际参考。

注意: 我不符合私人课堂学生的代码. 学生的课堂定义与例子3相同。

◎

public class PassByValueObjectCase2 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new PassByValueObjectCase2().caller();
    }

    public void caller() {
        // student has the actual reference to a Student object created
        // can we change this actual reference outside the local scope? Let's see
        Student student = new Student(10, "Nikhil");
        String output = method(student);
        /*
         * 'output' is insignificant in this example. we are more interested in
         * 'student'
         */
        System.out.println("output : " + output);
        System.out.println("student : " + student); // Will it print Nikhil or Anand?
    }

    public String method(Student student) {
        student = new Student(20, "Anand");
        return "output";
    }

}

output : output
student : Student [id=10, name=Nikhil]

我遇到了类似的问题. 这个关于圈子的故事对我来说是一个具体的答案. 我想添加到答案. 希望它能帮助那些有类似问题的人。

https://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/java/javaOO/arguments.html

在方法中,循环起初指 myCircle. 该方法改变了对象的 x 和 y 坐标,循环参考(即 myCircle)为 23 和 56, 相应. 这些变化将持续,当方法返回. 然后循环被分配一个参考一个新的循环对象与 x = y = 0. 这个重新分配没有永久性, 但是,因为参考通过了值

只需显示对比,请比较以下 C++ 和 Java 剪辑:

在 C++ 中: 注意: 坏代码 - 记忆泄漏! 但它证明了这一点。

void cppMethod(int val, int &ref, Dog obj, Dog &objRef, Dog *objPtr, Dog *&objPtrRef)
{
    val = 7; // Modifies the copy
    ref = 7; // Modifies the original variable
    obj.SetName("obj"); // Modifies the copy of Dog passed
    objRef.SetName("objRef"); // Modifies the original Dog passed
    objPtr->SetName("objPtr"); // Modifies the original Dog pointed to 
                               // by the copy of the pointer passed.
    objPtr = new Dog("newObjPtr");  // Modifies the copy of the pointer, 
                                   // leaving the original object alone.
    objPtrRef->SetName("objRefPtr"); // Modifies the original Dog pointed to 
                                    // by the original pointer passed. 
    objPtrRef = new Dog("newObjPtrRef"); // Modifies the original pointer passed
}

int main()
{
    int a = 0;
    int b = 0;
    Dog d0 = Dog("d0");
    Dog d1 = Dog("d1");
    Dog *d2 = new Dog("d2");
    Dog *d3 = new Dog("d3");
    cppMethod(a, b, d0, d1, d2, d3);
    // a is still set to 0
    // b is now set to 7
    // d0 still have name "d0"
    // d1 now has name "objRef"
    // d2 now has name "objPtr"
    // d3 now has name "newObjPtrRef"
}

在Java,

public static void javaMethod(int val, Dog objPtr)
{
   val = 7; // Modifies the copy
   objPtr.SetName("objPtr") // Modifies the original Dog pointed to 
                            // by the copy of the pointer passed.
   objPtr = new Dog("newObjPtr");  // Modifies the copy of the pointer, 
                                  // leaving the original object alone.
}

public static void main()
{
    int a = 0;
    Dog d0 = new Dog("d0");
    javaMethod(a, d0);
    // a is still set to 0
    // d0 now has name "objPtr"
}

Java 只有兩種通過: 根據內置類型的價值,並根據對象類型的指標的價值。

Java 以值传输对象的参考。

很难理解,但Java总是复制值 - 点是,通常值是参考。

基本上,重新定义对象参数不会影响论点,例如,

private static void foo(Object bar) {
    bar = null;
}

public static void main(String[] args) {
    String baz = "Hah!";
    foo(baz);
    System.out.println(baz);
}

这个工作的原因是因为字符串是 baz 的值的副本,这只是“Hah!”的参考。如果它是实际的参考本身,那么 foo 会重新定义 baz 到 null。