有人能解释一下脚本语言和程序设计语言的区别吗? 你也可以举一些例子。我谷歌了很多,但我总是从Stack Overflow找到最好的答案。


当前回答

我认为你所说的“差异”实际上是真实差异的结果。

实际的区别在于所编写代码的目标。谁来运行这段代码。

脚本语言用于编写针对软件系统的代码。它将对软件系统进行自动化操作。脚本将是目标软件系统的指令序列。

编程语言的目标是计算系统,可以是真实的也可以是虚拟机。指令是由机器执行的。

当然,真正的机器只理解二进制代码,因此您需要编译编程语言的代码。但这是针对机器而不是程序的结果。

另一方面,脚本的目标软件系统可以编译代码或解释它。由软件系统决定。

如果我们说真正的区别是它是否被编译,那么我们就有一个问题,因为Javascript在V8中运行时是编译的,而在Rhino中运行时不是。

由于脚本语言已经进化得非常强大,所以它变得更加令人困惑。因此,它们不局限于创建小脚本来自动化另一个软件系统上的操作,您可以使用它们创建任何丰富的应用程序。

Python代码以解释器为目标,因此我们可以说它“脚本化”了解释器上的操作。但是,当你编写Python代码时,你不会将其视为编写解释器脚本,而是将其视为创建应用程序。解释器只是用于在更高级别上编写代码。所以对我来说,Python更像是一种编程语言,而不是脚本语言。

其他回答

编程语言: 编译为机器码并在底层操作系统的硬件上运行。

脚本语言: 是编程语言的非结构子集。这是一般的解释。 它基本上是“脚本”其他事情来做事情。主要的重点不是构建你自己的应用程序,而是让现有的应用程序以你想要的方式运行,例如浏览器的JavaScript, TCL等。

***但也有编程语言被转换为解释器的情况,反之亦然,比如使用C解释器,你可以使用C脚本。 脚本通常用于控制应用程序的行为,而编程语言则用于构建应用程序。 但要注意的是,这种界限正在日益模糊——作为Python的一个例子,它取决于你如何使用这种语言。

脚本语言是不需要显式编译步骤的编程语言。

例如,在正常情况下,必须先编译C程序才能运行它。但在正常情况下,在运行JavaScript程序之前不必编译它。所以JavaScript有时被称为“脚本”语言。

随着现代硬件和现代编译技术的发展,编译的速度越来越快,这条界限变得越来越模糊。例如,谷歌Chrome中的JavaScript引擎V8(在浏览器之外也经常使用)实际上是将JavaScript代码实时编译为机器代码,而不是解释它。(实际上,V8是一个优化的两阶段编译器。)

Also note that whether a language is a "scripting" language or not can be more about the environment than the language. There's no reason you can't write a C interpreter and use it as a scripting language (and people have). There's also no reason you can't compile JavaScript to machine code and store that in an executable file (and people have). The language Ruby is a good example of this: The original implementation was entirely interpreted (a "scripting" language), but there are now multiple compilers for it.

一些“脚本”语言的例子(例如,传统上使用的语言没有显式的编译步骤):

Lua JavaScript VBScript和VBA Perl

还有一小部分传统上用于显式编译步骤的代码:

C c++ D Java(但请注意Java被编译为字节码,然后在运行时解释和/或重新编译) 帕斯卡

...然后你就有了像Python这样的东西,它们在两个阵营中都有:Python被广泛使用,没有编译步骤,但主要实现(CPython)是通过动态编译字节码,然后在VM中运行字节码来实现的,它可以将字节码写入文件(。Pyc, .pyo),无需重新编译即可使用。

这只是极少数,如果你做一些研究,你会发现更多。

在世界还很年轻的时候,在PC世界中,你可以从。exe或。bat中选择,描述很简单。Unix系统一直都有shell脚本(/bin/sh, /bin/csh, /bin/ksh等)和编译语言(C/ c++ /Fortran)。

To differentiate roles and responsibilities, the compiled languages (often referred to as 3rd Generation Languages) were seen a 'programming' languages and 'scripting' languages were seen as those that invoked an interpreter (often referred to as 4th Generation Languages). Scripting languages were often used as 'glue' to connect between multiple commands/compiled programs so that the user didn't have to worry about a set of steps in order to carry out their task - they developed a single file, that delineated what steps they wanted to accomplish, and this became a 'script' for anyone to follow.

Various people/groups wrote new interpreters to solve a specific problem domain. awk is one of the better-known ones, and it was used mostly for pattern matching and applying a series of data transforms on input. It worked well, but had a limited problem domain. The expansion of that domain was all but impossible because the source code was unavailable. Perl (Larry Wall, principle author/architect) tool scripting to the next level - and developed an interpreter that not only allowed the user to run system commands, manipulate input and output data, supported typeless variables, but also to access Unix system level APIs as functions from within the scripts themselves. It was probably one of the first widely used high-level scripting languages. It is with Perl (IMHO) that scripting languages crossed the arbitrary line and added the capabilities of programming languages.

你的问题是关于Python的。因为python解释器是针对包含python代码的文本文件运行的,而且python代码可以在任何有python解释器的地方运行,所以我认为它是一种脚本语言(与Perl相同)。您不需要为每个不同的OS/CPU架构重新编译用户python命令文件(就像使用C/ c++ /Fortran一样),这使得它更易于移植和使用。

这个答案要归功于杰罗德·海曼(Jerrold Heyman)。 原帖:https://www.researchgate.net/post/Is_Python_a_Programming_language_or_Scripting_Language

除了脚本语言是解释性的,而编程语言是编译性的,还有一个不同之处,如下所示,我想这一点已经被忽略了。

脚本语言是一种编程语言,用于操作、定制和自动化现有系统的设施。在这样的系统中,通过用户界面已经可以获得有用的功能,而脚本语言是一种将该功能暴露给程序控制的机制。

而编程语言通常用于从头开始编写系统代码。

src ECMA

这些差异正变得越来越不重要。传统上,脚本语言扩展了现有的程序……我认为这就是“脚本”的主要定义,它指的是为现有实体编写一组执行指令。然而,脚本语言起源于专有的和口语化的语法,现在流行的大多数脚本语言都与C有某种关系。

I think the "interpreted vs compiled" distinction is really a symptom of extending an existing program (with a built in interpreter), rather than an intrinsic difference. What programmers and laymen are more concerned about is, "what is the programmer doing?" The fact that one program is interpreted and another is compiled means very little in determining the difference in activity by the creator. You don't judge a playwright on whether his plays are more commonly read aloud or performed on stage, do you?