我想在sqlite数据库中删除或添加列
我正在使用以下查询删除列。
ALTER TABLE TABLENAME DROP COLUMN COLUMNNAME
但它会产生错误
System.Data.SQLite.SQLiteException: SQLite error
near "DROP": syntax error
我想在sqlite数据库中删除或添加列
我正在使用以下查询删除列。
ALTER TABLE TABLENAME DROP COLUMN COLUMNNAME
但它会产生错误
System.Data.SQLite.SQLiteException: SQLite error
near "DROP": syntax error
当前回答
我的解,只需要调用这个方法。
public static void dropColumn(SQLiteDatabase db, String tableName, String[] columnsToRemove) throws java.sql.SQLException {
List<String> updatedTableColumns = getTableColumns(db, tableName);
updatedTableColumns.removeAll(Arrays.asList(columnsToRemove));
String columnsSeperated = TextUtils.join(",", updatedTableColumns);
db.execSQL("ALTER TABLE " + tableName + " RENAME TO " + tableName + "_old;");
db.execSQL("CREATE TABLE " + tableName + " (" + columnsSeperated + ");");
db.execSQL("INSERT INTO " + tableName + "(" + columnsSeperated + ") SELECT "
+ columnsSeperated + " FROM " + tableName + "_old;");
db.execSQL("DROP TABLE " + tableName + "_old;");
}
辅助方法获取列:
public static List<String> getTableColumns(SQLiteDatabase db, String tableName) {
ArrayList<String> columns = new ArrayList<>();
String cmd = "pragma table_info(" + tableName + ");";
Cursor cur = db.rawQuery(cmd, null);
while (cur.moveToNext()) {
columns.add(cur.getString(cur.getColumnIndex("name")));
}
cur.close();
return columns;
}
其他回答
public void DeleteColFromTable(String DbName, String TableName, String ColName){
SQLiteDatabase db = openOrCreateDatabase(""+DbName+"", Context.MODE_PRIVATE, null);
db.execSQL("CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "+TableName+"(1x00dff);");
Cursor c = db.rawQuery("PRAGMA table_info("+TableName+")", null);
if (c.getCount() == 0) {
} else {
String columns1 = "";
String columns2 = "";
while (c.moveToNext()) {
if (c.getString(1).equals(ColName)) {
} else {
columns1 = columns1 + ", " + c.getString(1) + " " + c.getString(2);
columns2 = columns2 + ", " + c.getString(1);
}
if (c.isLast()) {
db.execSQL("CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS DataBackup (" + columns1 + ");");
db.execSQL("INSERT INTO DataBackup SELECT " + columns2 + " FROM "+TableName+";");
db.execSQL("DROP TABLE "+TableName+"");
db.execSQL("ALTER TABLE DataBackup RENAME TO "+TableName+";");
}
}
}
}
只需要调用一个方法
DeleteColFromTable("Database name","Table name","Col name which want to delete");
DB Browser for SQLite允许您添加或删除列。
在主视图中,选择Database Structure,单击表名。一个按钮Modify Table被启用,它会打开一个新窗口,您可以在其中选择列/字段并删除它。
http://www.sqlite.org/lang_altertable.html
正如您在图中看到的,只支持ADD COLUMN。不过,有一个(有点沉重的)变通方法:http://www.sqlite.org/faq.html#q11
作为替代:
如果有一个带模式的表
CREATE TABLE person(
id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
first_name TEXT,
last_name TEXT,
age INTEGER,
height INTEGER
);
你可以使用CREATE TABLE…AS语句,如CREATE TABLE person2 AS SELECT id, first_name, last_name, age FROM person;,即去掉你不想要的列。然后删除原来的person表并重命名新表。
注意,此方法生成的表没有PRIMARY KEY,也没有约束。为了保留这些表,可以使用其他人描述的方法来创建新表,或者使用临时表作为中间表。
我重写了@Udinic答案,以便代码自动生成表创建查询。它也不需要ConnectionSource。它还必须在事务中完成此操作。
public static String getOneTableDbSchema(SQLiteDatabase db, String tableName) {
Cursor c = db.rawQuery(
"SELECT * FROM `sqlite_master` WHERE `type` = 'table' AND `name` = '" + tableName + "'", null);
String result = null;
if (c.moveToFirst()) {
result = c.getString(c.getColumnIndex("sql"));
}
c.close();
return result;
}
public List<String> getTableColumns(SQLiteDatabase db, String tableName) {
ArrayList<String> columns = new ArrayList<>();
String cmd = "pragma table_info(" + tableName + ");";
Cursor cur = db.rawQuery(cmd, null);
while (cur.moveToNext()) {
columns.add(cur.getString(cur.getColumnIndex("name")));
}
cur.close();
return columns;
}
private void dropColumn(SQLiteDatabase db, String tableName, String[] columnsToRemove) {
db.beginTransaction();
try {
List<String> columnNamesWithoutRemovedOnes = getTableColumns(db, tableName);
// Remove the columns we don't want anymore from the table's list of columns
columnNamesWithoutRemovedOnes.removeAll(Arrays.asList(columnsToRemove));
String newColumnNamesSeparated = TextUtils.join(" , ", columnNamesWithoutRemovedOnes);
String sql = getOneTableDbSchema(db, tableName);
// Extract the SQL query that contains only columns
String oldColumnsSql = sql.substring(sql.indexOf("(")+1, sql.lastIndexOf(")"));
db.execSQL("ALTER TABLE " + tableName + " RENAME TO " + tableName + "_old;");
db.execSQL("CREATE TABLE `" + tableName + "` (" + getSqlWithoutRemovedColumns(oldColumnsSql, columnsToRemove)+ ");");
db.execSQL("INSERT INTO " + tableName + "(" + newColumnNamesSeparated + ") SELECT " + newColumnNamesSeparated + " FROM " + tableName + "_old;");
db.execSQL("DROP TABLE " + tableName + "_old;");
db.setTransactionSuccessful();
} catch {
//Error in between database transaction
} finally {
db.endTransaction();
}
}