对于Ruby 2.5或更新版本，使用transform_keys和delete_prefix / delete_suffix方法:

hash1 = { '_id' => 'random1' }
hash2 = { 'old_first' => '123456', 'old_second' => '234567' }
hash3 = { 'first_com' => 'google.com', 'second_com' => 'amazon.com' }

hash1.transform_keys { |key| key.delete_prefix('_') }
# => {"id"=>"random1"}
hash2.transform_keys { |key| key.delete_prefix('old_') }
# => {"first"=>"123456", "second"=>"234567"}
hash3.transform_keys { |key| key.delete_suffix('_com') }
# => {"first"=>"google.com", "second"=>"amazon.com"}

如果你只想改变一个键，在Ruby 2.8+中有一个简单的方法，使用transform_keys方法。在这个例子中，如果你想改变_id为id，那么你可以:

 hash.transform_keys({_id: :id})

参考:https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16274

如果你在一个哈希中有一个哈希，比如

hash = {
  "object" => {
     "_id"=>"4de7140772f8be03da000018"
  }
}

如果你想把_id改成token

你可以在这里使用deep_transform_keys并这样做

hash.deep_transform_keys do |key|
  key = "token" if key == "_id"
  key
end

结果是

{
  "object" => {
     "token"=>"4de7140772f8be03da000018"
  }
}

即使你有一个符号键哈希作为开始，比如

hash = {
  object: {
     id: "4de7140772f8be03da000018"
  }
}

您可以组合所有这些概念，将它们转换为字符串键散列

hash.deep_transform_keys do |key|
  key = "token" if key == :id
  key.to_s
end

准确地回答了问题:

hash = {"_id"=>"4de7140772f8be03da000018"}
hash.transform_keys { |key| key[1..] }
# => {"id"=>"4de7140772f8be03da000018"}

从Ruby 2.5版开始，transform_keys方法就存在于Hash类中。

https://blog.bigbinary.com/2018/01/09/ruby-2-5-adds-hash-transform_keys-method.html

我费尽心思想出了下面这些。这背后的动机是附加到哈希键，以避免合并在一起/平坦哈希时范围冲突。

例子

扩展哈希类

将rekey方法添加到哈希实例。

# Adds additional methods to Hash
class ::Hash
  # Changes the keys on a hash
  # Takes a block that passes the current key
  # Whatever the block returns becomes the new key
  # If a hash is returned for the key it will merge the current hash 
  # with the returned hash from the block. This allows for nested rekeying.
  def rekey
    self.each_with_object({}) do |(key, value), previous|
      new_key = yield(key, value)
      if new_key.is_a?(Hash)
        previous.merge!(new_key)
      else
        previous[new_key] = value
      end
    end
  end
end

预谋的例子

my_feelings_about_icecreams = {
  vanilla: 'Delicious',
  chocolate: 'Too Chocolatey',
  strawberry: 'It Is Alright...'
}

my_feelings_about_icecreams.rekey { |key| "#{key}_icecream".to_sym }
# => {:vanilla_icecream=>"Delicious", :chocolate_icecream=>"Too Chocolatey", :strawberry_icecream=>"It Is Alright..."}

修剪的例子

{ _id: 1, ___something_: 'what?!' }.rekey do |key|
  trimmed = key.to_s.tr('_', '')
  trimmed.to_sym
end
# => {:id=>1, :something=>"what?!"}

扁平化和添加“范围”

如果你传递一个散列回rekey，它将合并散列，这允许你平展集合。这允许我们在扩展散列时为键添加作用域，以避免在合并时覆盖键。

people = {
  bob: {
    name: 'Bob',
    toys: [
      { what: 'car', color: 'red' },
      { what: 'ball', color: 'blue' }
    ]
  },
  tom: {
    name: 'Tom',
    toys: [
      { what: 'house', color: 'blue; da ba dee da ba die' },
      { what: 'nerf gun', color: 'metallic' }
    ]
  }
}

people.rekey do |person, person_info|
  person_info.rekey do |key|
    "#{person}_#{key}".to_sym
  end
end

# =>
# {
#   :bob_name=>"Bob",
#   :bob_toys=>[
#     {:what=>"car", :color=>"red"},
#     {:what=>"ball", :color=>"blue"}
#   ],
#   :tom_name=>"Tom",
#   :tom_toys=>[
#     {:what=>"house", :color=>"blue; da ba dee da ba die"},
#     {:what=>"nerf gun", :color=>"metallic"}
#   ]
# }

如果我们想在哈希中重命名一个特定的键，那么我们可以这样做: 假设我的哈希是my_hash = {'test' => 'ruby哈希演示'} 现在我想用'message'替换'test'，然后: My_hash ['message'] = My_hash .delete('test')