在c#中合并2个或更多字典(Dictionary<TKey, TValue>)的最佳方法是什么? (像LINQ这样的3.0特性就可以了)。
我正在考虑一个方法签名，如下所示:
public static Dictionary<TKey,TValue>
Merge<TKey,TValue>(Dictionary<TKey,TValue>[] dictionaries);
or
public static Dictionary<TKey,TValue>
Merge<TKey,TValue>(IEnumerable<Dictionary<TKey,TValue>> dictionaries);
关于重复键的处理:在发生冲突的情况下，保存到字典中的值并不重要，只要它是一致的。
当前回答
@Tim:应该是注释，但是注释不允许代码编辑。
Dictionary<string, string> t1 = new Dictionary<string, string>();
t1.Add("a", "aaa");
Dictionary<string, string> t2 = new Dictionary<string, string>();
t2.Add("b", "bee");
Dictionary<string, string> t3 = new Dictionary<string, string>();
t3.Add("c", "cee");
t3.Add("d", "dee");
t3.Add("b", "bee");
Dictionary<string, string> merged = t1.MergeLeft(t2, t2, t3);
注意:我应用了@ANeves对@Andrew Orsich的解决方案的修改，所以mergleft现在看起来像这样:
public static Dictionary<K, V> MergeLeft<K, V>(this Dictionary<K, V> me, params IDictionary<K, V>[] others)
{
var newMap = new Dictionary<K, V>(me, me.Comparer);
foreach (IDictionary<K, V> src in
(new List<IDictionary<K, V>> { me }).Concat(others))
{
// ^-- echk. Not quite there type-system.
foreach (KeyValuePair<K, V> p in src)
{
newMap[p.Key] = p.Value;
}
}
return newMap;
}
其他回答
@Tim:应该是注释，但是注释不允许代码编辑。
Dictionary<string, string> t1 = new Dictionary<string, string>();
t1.Add("a", "aaa");
Dictionary<string, string> t2 = new Dictionary<string, string>();
t2.Add("b", "bee");
Dictionary<string, string> t3 = new Dictionary<string, string>();
t3.Add("c", "cee");
t3.Add("d", "dee");
t3.Add("b", "bee");
Dictionary<string, string> merged = t1.MergeLeft(t2, t2, t3);
注意:我应用了@ANeves对@Andrew Orsich的解决方案的修改，所以mergleft现在看起来像这样:
public static Dictionary<K, V> MergeLeft<K, V>(this Dictionary<K, V> me, params IDictionary<K, V>[] others)
{
var newMap = new Dictionary<K, V>(me, me.Comparer);
foreach (IDictionary<K, V> src in
(new List<IDictionary<K, V>> { me }).Concat(others))
{
// ^-- echk. Not quite there type-system.
foreach (KeyValuePair<K, V> p in src)
{
newMap[p.Key] = p.Value;
}
}
return newMap;
}
基于上面的答案，但添加一个Func-parameter，让调用者处理重复:
public static Dictionary<TKey, TValue> Merge<TKey, TValue>(this IEnumerable<Dictionary<TKey, TValue>> dicts,
Func<IGrouping<TKey, TValue>, TValue> resolveDuplicates)
{
if (resolveDuplicates == null)
resolveDuplicates = new Func<IGrouping<TKey, TValue>, TValue>(group => group.First());
return dicts.SelectMany<Dictionary<TKey, TValue>, KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>>(dict => dict)
.ToLookup(pair => pair.Key, pair => pair.Value)
.ToDictionary(group => group.Key, group => resolveDuplicates(group));
}
Dictionary<String, String> allTables = new Dictionary<String, String>();
allTables = tables1.Union(tables2).ToDictionary(pair => pair.Key, pair => pair.Value);
下面是我使用的一个helper函数:
using System.Collections.Generic;
namespace HelperMethods
{
public static class MergeDictionaries
{
public static void Merge<TKey, TValue>(this IDictionary<TKey, TValue> first, IDictionary<TKey, TValue> second)
{
if (second == null || first == null) return;
foreach (var item in second)
if (!first.ContainsKey(item.Key))
first.Add(item.Key, item.Value);
}
}
}
我会这样做:
dictionaryFrom.ToList().ForEach(x => dictionaryTo.Add(x.Key, x.Value));
简单易行。根据这篇博客文章，它甚至比大多数循环更快，因为它的底层实现通过索引而不是枚举来访问元素(参见这个答案)。
如果存在重复，它当然会抛出异常，因此您必须在合并之前进行检查。
