在c#中合并2个或更多字典(Dictionary<TKey, TValue>)的最佳方法是什么? (像LINQ这样的3.0特性就可以了)。
我正在考虑一个方法签名，如下所示:
public static Dictionary<TKey,TValue>
Merge<TKey,TValue>(Dictionary<TKey,TValue>[] dictionaries);
or
public static Dictionary<TKey,TValue>
Merge<TKey,TValue>(IEnumerable<Dictionary<TKey,TValue>> dictionaries);
关于重复键的处理:在发生冲突的情况下，保存到字典中的值并不重要，只要它是一致的。
当前回答
@Tim:应该是注释，但是注释不允许代码编辑。
Dictionary<string, string> t1 = new Dictionary<string, string>();
t1.Add("a", "aaa");
Dictionary<string, string> t2 = new Dictionary<string, string>();
t2.Add("b", "bee");
Dictionary<string, string> t3 = new Dictionary<string, string>();
t3.Add("c", "cee");
t3.Add("d", "dee");
t3.Add("b", "bee");
Dictionary<string, string> merged = t1.MergeLeft(t2, t2, t3);
注意:我应用了@ANeves对@Andrew Orsich的解决方案的修改，所以mergleft现在看起来像这样:
public static Dictionary<K, V> MergeLeft<K, V>(this Dictionary<K, V> me, params IDictionary<K, V>[] others)
{
var newMap = new Dictionary<K, V>(me, me.Comparer);
foreach (IDictionary<K, V> src in
(new List<IDictionary<K, V>> { me }).Concat(others))
{
// ^-- echk. Not quite there type-system.
foreach (KeyValuePair<K, V> p in src)
{
newMap[p.Key] = p.Value;
}
}
return newMap;
}
其他回答
@Tim:应该是注释，但是注释不允许代码编辑。
Dictionary<string, string> t1 = new Dictionary<string, string>();
t1.Add("a", "aaa");
Dictionary<string, string> t2 = new Dictionary<string, string>();
t2.Add("b", "bee");
Dictionary<string, string> t3 = new Dictionary<string, string>();
t3.Add("c", "cee");
t3.Add("d", "dee");
t3.Add("b", "bee");
Dictionary<string, string> merged = t1.MergeLeft(t2, t2, t3);
注意:我应用了@ANeves对@Andrew Orsich的解决方案的修改，所以mergleft现在看起来像这样:
public static Dictionary<K, V> MergeLeft<K, V>(this Dictionary<K, V> me, params IDictionary<K, V>[] others)
{
var newMap = new Dictionary<K, V>(me, me.Comparer);
foreach (IDictionary<K, V> src in
(new List<IDictionary<K, V>> { me }).Concat(others))
{
// ^-- echk. Not quite there type-system.
foreach (KeyValuePair<K, V> p in src)
{
newMap[p.Key] = p.Value;
}
}
return newMap;
}
使用equalitycompararer进行合并，它将项目映射到不同的值/类型进行比较。这里我们将从KeyValuePair(枚举字典时的项类型)映射到Key。
public class MappedEqualityComparer<T,U> : EqualityComparer<T>
{
Func<T,U> _map;
public MappedEqualityComparer(Func<T,U> map)
{
_map = map;
}
public override bool Equals(T x, T y)
{
return EqualityComparer<U>.Default.Equals(_map(x), _map(y));
}
public override int GetHashCode(T obj)
{
return _map(obj).GetHashCode();
}
}
用法:
// if dictA and dictB are of type Dictionary<int,string>
var dict = dictA.Concat(dictB)
.Distinct(new MappedEqualityComparer<KeyValuePair<int,string>,int>(item => item.Key))
.ToDictionary(item => item.Key, item=> item.Value);
Dictionary<String, String> allTables = new Dictionary<String, String>();
allTables = tables1.Union(tables2).ToDictionary(pair => pair.Key, pair => pair.Value);
使用扩展方法合并。当存在重复的键时，它不会抛出异常，而是用第二个字典中的键替换这些键。
internal static class DictionaryExtensions
{
public static Dictionary<T1, T2> Merge<T1, T2>(this Dictionary<T1, T2> first, Dictionary<T1, T2> second)
{
if (first == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("first");
if (second == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("second");
var merged = new Dictionary<T1, T2>();
first.ToList().ForEach(kv => merged[kv.Key] = kv.Value);
second.ToList().ForEach(kv => merged[kv.Key] = kv.Value);
return merged;
}
}
用法:
Dictionary<string, string> merged = first.Merge(second);
注意，如果你使用一个名为“Add”的扩展方法，你可以使用集合初始化器来组合尽可能多的字典，就像这样:
public static void Add<K, V>(this Dictionary<K, V> d, Dictionary<K, V> other) {
foreach (var kvp in other)
{
if (!d.ContainsKey(kvp.Key))
{
d.Add(kvp.Key, kvp.Value);
}
}
}
var s0 = new Dictionary<string, string> {
{ "A", "X"}
};
var s1 = new Dictionary<string, string> {
{ "A", "X" },
{ "B", "Y" }
};
// Combine as many dictionaries and key pairs as needed
var a = new Dictionary<string, string> {
s0, s1, s0, s1, s1, { "C", "Z" }
};
