如何在Python中创建目录结构的zip存档?
当前回答
这是一种现代方法,使用pathlib和上下文管理器。将文件直接放在zip文件中,而不是放在子文件夹中。
def zip_dir(filename: str, dir_to_zip: pathlib.Path):
with zipfile.ZipFile(filename, 'w', zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED) as zipf:
# Use glob instead of iterdir(), to cover all subdirectories.
for directory in dir_to_zip.glob('**'):
for file in directory.iterdir():
if not file.is_file():
continue
# Strip the first component, so we don't create an uneeded subdirectory
# containing everything.
zip_path = pathlib.Path(*file.parts[1:])
# Use a string, since zipfile doesn't support pathlib directly.
zipf.write(str(file), str(zip_path))
其他回答
我对Mark Byers给出的代码做了一些修改。如果您有空目录,下面的函数也会添加它们。示例应该更清楚添加到zip的路径是什么。
#!/usr/bin/env python
import os
import zipfile
def addDirToZip(zipHandle, path, basePath=""):
"""
Adding directory given by \a path to opened zip file \a zipHandle
@param basePath path that will be removed from \a path when adding to archive
Examples:
# add whole "dir" to "test.zip" (when you open "test.zip" you will see only "dir")
zipHandle = zipfile.ZipFile('test.zip', 'w')
addDirToZip(zipHandle, 'dir')
zipHandle.close()
# add contents of "dir" to "test.zip" (when you open "test.zip" you will see only it's contents)
zipHandle = zipfile.ZipFile('test.zip', 'w')
addDirToZip(zipHandle, 'dir', 'dir')
zipHandle.close()
# add contents of "dir/subdir" to "test.zip" (when you open "test.zip" you will see only contents of "subdir")
zipHandle = zipfile.ZipFile('test.zip', 'w')
addDirToZip(zipHandle, 'dir/subdir', 'dir/subdir')
zipHandle.close()
# add whole "dir/subdir" to "test.zip" (when you open "test.zip" you will see only "subdir")
zipHandle = zipfile.ZipFile('test.zip', 'w')
addDirToZip(zipHandle, 'dir/subdir', 'dir')
zipHandle.close()
# add whole "dir/subdir" with full path to "test.zip" (when you open "test.zip" you will see only "dir" and inside it only "subdir")
zipHandle = zipfile.ZipFile('test.zip', 'w')
addDirToZip(zipHandle, 'dir/subdir')
zipHandle.close()
# add whole "dir" and "otherDir" (with full path) to "test.zip" (when you open "test.zip" you will see only "dir" and "otherDir")
zipHandle = zipfile.ZipFile('test.zip', 'w')
addDirToZip(zipHandle, 'dir')
addDirToZip(zipHandle, 'otherDir')
zipHandle.close()
"""
basePath = basePath.rstrip("\\/") + ""
basePath = basePath.rstrip("\\/")
for root, dirs, files in os.walk(path):
# add dir itself (needed for empty dirs
zipHandle.write(os.path.join(root, "."))
# add files
for file in files:
filePath = os.path.join(root, file)
inZipPath = filePath.replace(basePath, "", 1).lstrip("\\/")
#print filePath + " , " + inZipPath
zipHandle.write(filePath, inZipPath)
以上是一个简单的函数,适用于简单的情况。你可以在我的Gist中找到更优雅的课程:https://gist.github.com/Eccenux/17526123107ca0ac28e6
这里有这么多答案,我希望我可以贡献我自己的版本,它基于原始答案(顺便提一下),但具有更图形化的视角,也为每个zipfile设置使用上下文并对os.walk()进行排序,以便获得有序的输出。
有了这些文件夹和文件(以及其他文件夹),我想为每个cap_文件夹创建一个.zip:
$ tree -d
.
├── cap_01
| ├── 0101000001.json
| ├── 0101000002.json
| ├── 0101000003.json
|
├── cap_02
| ├── 0201000001.json
| ├── 0201000002.json
| ├── 0201001003.json
|
├── cap_03
| ├── 0301000001.json
| ├── 0301000002.json
| ├── 0301000003.json
|
├── docs
| ├── map.txt
| ├── main_data.xml
|
├── core_files
├── core_master
├── core_slave
以下是我应用的内容,并附有评论,以更好地理解流程。
$ cat zip_cap_dirs.py
""" Zip 'cap_*' directories. """
import os
import zipfile as zf
for root, dirs, files in sorted(os.walk('.')):
if 'cap_' in root:
print(f"Compressing: {root}")
# Defining .zip name, according to Capítulo.
cap_dir_zip = '{}.zip'.format(root)
# Opening zipfile context for current root dir.
with zf.ZipFile(cap_dir_zip, 'w', zf.ZIP_DEFLATED) as new_zip:
# Iterating over os.walk list of files for the current root dir.
for f in files:
# Defining relative path to files from current root dir.
f_path = os.path.join(root, f)
# Writing the file on the .zip file of the context
new_zip.write(f_path)
基本上,对于os.walk(路径)上的每一次迭代,我都会打开一个用于zipfile设置的上下文,然后对文件进行迭代,这是根目录中的文件列表,根据当前根目录形成每个文件的相对路径,并附加到正在运行的zipfile上下文。
输出如下所示:
$ python3 zip_cap_dirs.py
Compressing: ./cap_01
Compressing: ./cap_02
Compressing: ./cap_03
要查看每个.zip目录的内容,可以使用less命令:
$ less cap_01.zip
Archive: cap_01.zip
Length Method Size Cmpr Date Time CRC-32 Name
-------- ------ ------- ---- ---------- ----- -------- ----
22017 Defl:N 2471 89% 2019-09-05 08:05 7a3b5ec6 cap_01/0101000001.json
21998 Defl:N 2471 89% 2019-09-05 08:05 155bece7 cap_01/0101000002.json
23236 Defl:N 2573 89% 2019-09-05 08:05 55fced20 cap_01/0101000003.json
-------- ------- --- -------
67251 7515 89% 3 files
前面的答案完全忽略了一点,即当您在Windows上运行代码时,使用os.path.join()可以很容易地返回POSIX不兼容的路径。当使用Linux上的任何常用归档软件处理文件时,生成的归档文件将包含名称中带有反斜杠的文件,这不是您想要的。请改用path.as_posix()作为arcname参数!
import zipfile
from pathlib import Path
with zipfile.ZipFile("archive.zip", "w", zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED) as zf:
for path in Path("include_all_of_this_folder").rglob("*"):
zf.write(path, path.as_posix())
您可能想看看zipfile模块;文档位于http://docs.python.org/library/zipfile.html.
您可能还需要os.walk()来索引目录结构。
函数创建zip文件。
def CREATEZIPFILE(zipname, path):
#function to create a zip file
#Parameters: zipname - name of the zip file; path - name of folder/file to be put in zip file
zipf = zipfile.ZipFile(zipname, 'w', zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED)
zipf.setpassword(b"password") #if you want to set password to zipfile
#checks if the path is file or directory
if os.path.isdir(path):
for files in os.listdir(path):
zipf.write(os.path.join(path, files), files)
elif os.path.isfile(path):
zipf.write(os.path.join(path), path)
zipf.close()
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