要向生成的zip文件添加压缩，请查看此链接。

您需要更改：

zip = zipfile.ZipFile('Python.zip', 'w')

to

zip = zipfile.ZipFile('Python.zip', 'w', zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED)

使用python3.9、pathlib&zipfile模块，您可以从系统中的任何位置创建zip文件。

def zip_dir(dir: Union[Path, str], filename: Union[Path, str]):
    """Zip the provided directory without navigating to that directory using `pathlib` module"""

    # Convert to Path object
    dir = Path(dir)

    with zipfile.ZipFile(filename, "w", zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED) as zip_file:
        for entry in dir.rglob("*"):
            zip_file.write(entry, entry.relative_to(dir))

它整洁、打字，代码更少。

如果您想要一个类似于任何通用图形文件管理器的压缩文件夹的功能，可以使用以下代码，它使用zipfile模块。使用这段代码，您将得到以路径为根文件夹的zip文件。

import os
import zipfile

def zipdir(path, ziph):
    # Iterate all the directories and files
    for root, dirs, files in os.walk(path):
        # Create a prefix variable with the folder structure inside the path folder. 
        # So if a file is at the path directory will be at the root directory of the zip file
        # so the prefix will be empty. If the file belongs to a containing folder of path folder 
        # then the prefix will be that folder.
        if root.replace(path,'') == '':
                prefix = ''
        else:
                # Keep the folder structure after the path folder, append a '/' at the end 
                # and remome the first character, if it is a '/' in order to have a path like 
                # folder1/folder2/file.txt
                prefix = root.replace(path, '') + '/'
                if (prefix[0] == '/'):
                        prefix = prefix[1:]
        for filename in files:
                actual_file_path = root + '/' + filename
                zipped_file_path = prefix + filename
                zipf.write( actual_file_path, zipped_file_path)


zipf = zipfile.ZipFile('Python.zip', 'w', zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED)
zipdir('/tmp/justtest/', zipf)
zipf.close()

这是一种现代方法，使用pathlib和上下文管理器。将文件直接放在zip文件中，而不是放在子文件夹中。

def zip_dir(filename: str, dir_to_zip: pathlib.Path):
    with zipfile.ZipFile(filename, 'w', zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED) as zipf:
        # Use glob instead of iterdir(), to cover all subdirectories.
        for directory in dir_to_zip.glob('**'):
            for file in directory.iterdir():
                if not file.is_file():
                    continue
                # Strip the first component, so we don't create an uneeded subdirectory
                # containing everything.
                zip_path = pathlib.Path(*file.parts[1:])
                # Use a string, since zipfile doesn't support pathlib  directly.
                zipf.write(str(file), str(zip_path))

这里有这么多答案，我希望我可以贡献我自己的版本，它基于原始答案（顺便提一下），但具有更图形化的视角，也为每个zipfile设置使用上下文并对os.walk（）进行排序，以便获得有序的输出。

有了这些文件夹和文件（以及其他文件夹），我想为每个cap_文件夹创建一个.zip：

$ tree -d
.
├── cap_01
|    ├── 0101000001.json
|    ├── 0101000002.json
|    ├── 0101000003.json
|
├── cap_02
|    ├── 0201000001.json
|    ├── 0201000002.json
|    ├── 0201001003.json
|
├── cap_03
|    ├── 0301000001.json
|    ├── 0301000002.json
|    ├── 0301000003.json
| 
├── docs
|    ├── map.txt
|    ├── main_data.xml
|
├── core_files
     ├── core_master
     ├── core_slave

以下是我应用的内容，并附有评论，以更好地理解流程。

$ cat zip_cap_dirs.py 
""" Zip 'cap_*' directories. """           
import os                                                                       
import zipfile as zf                                                            


for root, dirs, files in sorted(os.walk('.')):                                                                                               
    if 'cap_' in root:                                                          
        print(f"Compressing: {root}")                                           
        # Defining .zip name, according to Capítulo.                            
        cap_dir_zip = '{}.zip'.format(root)                                     
        # Opening zipfile context for current root dir.                         
        with zf.ZipFile(cap_dir_zip, 'w', zf.ZIP_DEFLATED) as new_zip:          
            # Iterating over os.walk list of files for the current root dir.    
            for f in files:                                                     
                # Defining relative path to files from current root dir.        
                f_path = os.path.join(root, f)                                  
                # Writing the file on the .zip file of the context              
                new_zip.write(f_path) 

基本上，对于os.walk（路径）上的每一次迭代，我都会打开一个用于zipfile设置的上下文，然后对文件进行迭代，这是根目录中的文件列表，根据当前根目录形成每个文件的相对路径，并附加到正在运行的zipfile上下文。

输出如下所示：

$ python3 zip_cap_dirs.py
Compressing: ./cap_01
Compressing: ./cap_02
Compressing: ./cap_03

要查看每个.zip目录的内容，可以使用less命令：

$ less cap_01.zip

Archive:  cap_01.zip
 Length   Method    Size  Cmpr    Date    Time   CRC-32   Name
--------  ------  ------- ---- ---------- ----- --------  ----
  22017  Defl:N     2471  89% 2019-09-05 08:05 7a3b5ec6  cap_01/0101000001.json
  21998  Defl:N     2471  89% 2019-09-05 08:05 155bece7  cap_01/0101000002.json
  23236  Defl:N     2573  89% 2019-09-05 08:05 55fced20  cap_01/0101000003.json
--------          ------- ---                           -------
  67251             7515  89%                            3 files

假设要压缩当前目录中的所有文件夹（子目录）。

for root, dirs, files in os.walk("."):
    for sub_dir in dirs:
        zip_you_want = sub_dir+".zip"
        zip_process = zipfile.ZipFile(zip_you_want, "w", zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED)
        zip_process.write(file_you_want_to_include)
        zip_process.close()

        print("Successfully zipped directory: {sub_dir}".format(sub_dir=sub_dir))