如何在Python中创建目录结构的zip存档?
当前回答
我通过将Mark Byers的解决方案与Reimund和Morten Zilmer的评论(相对路径和包括空目录)合并,准备了一个函数。作为最佳实践,在ZipFile的文件构造中使用。
该函数还准备一个带有压缩目录名和“.zip”扩展名的默认zip文件名。因此,它只使用一个参数:要压缩的源目录。
import os
import zipfile
def zip_dir(path_dir, path_file_zip=''):
if not path_file_zip:
path_file_zip = os.path.join(
os.path.dirname(path_dir), os.path.basename(path_dir)+'.zip')
with zipfile.ZipFile(path_file_zip, 'wb', zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED) as zip_file:
for root, dirs, files in os.walk(path_dir):
for file_or_dir in files + dirs:
zip_file.write(
os.path.join(root, file_or_dir),
os.path.relpath(os.path.join(root, file_or_dir),
os.path.join(path_dir, os.path.pardir)))
其他回答
您可能想看看zipfile模块;文档位于http://docs.python.org/library/zipfile.html.
您可能还需要os.walk()来索引目录结构。
如果您想要一个类似于任何通用图形文件管理器的压缩文件夹的功能,可以使用以下代码,它使用zipfile模块。使用这段代码,您将得到以路径为根文件夹的zip文件。
import os
import zipfile
def zipdir(path, ziph):
# Iterate all the directories and files
for root, dirs, files in os.walk(path):
# Create a prefix variable with the folder structure inside the path folder.
# So if a file is at the path directory will be at the root directory of the zip file
# so the prefix will be empty. If the file belongs to a containing folder of path folder
# then the prefix will be that folder.
if root.replace(path,'') == '':
prefix = ''
else:
# Keep the folder structure after the path folder, append a '/' at the end
# and remome the first character, if it is a '/' in order to have a path like
# folder1/folder2/file.txt
prefix = root.replace(path, '') + '/'
if (prefix[0] == '/'):
prefix = prefix[1:]
for filename in files:
actual_file_path = root + '/' + filename
zipped_file_path = prefix + filename
zipf.write( actual_file_path, zipped_file_path)
zipf = zipfile.ZipFile('Python.zip', 'w', zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED)
zipdir('/tmp/justtest/', zipf)
zipf.close()
试试下面的一个。它对我有用。
import zipfile, os
zipf = "compress.zip"
def main():
directory = r"Filepath"
toZip(directory)
def toZip(directory):
zippedHelp = zipfile.ZipFile(zipf, "w", compression=zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED )
list = os.listdir(directory)
for file_list in list:
file_name = os.path.join(directory,file_list)
if os.path.isfile(file_name):
print file_name
zippedHelp.write(file_name)
else:
addFolderToZip(zippedHelp,file_list,directory)
print "---------------Directory Found-----------------------"
zippedHelp.close()
def addFolderToZip(zippedHelp,folder,directory):
path=os.path.join(directory,folder)
print path
file_list=os.listdir(path)
for file_name in file_list:
file_path=os.path.join(path,file_name)
if os.path.isfile(file_path):
zippedHelp.write(file_path)
elif os.path.isdir(file_name):
print "------------------sub directory found--------------------"
addFolderToZip(zippedHelp,file_name,path)
if __name__=="__main__":
main()
这里有这么多答案,我希望我可以贡献我自己的版本,它基于原始答案(顺便提一下),但具有更图形化的视角,也为每个zipfile设置使用上下文并对os.walk()进行排序,以便获得有序的输出。
有了这些文件夹和文件(以及其他文件夹),我想为每个cap_文件夹创建一个.zip:
$ tree -d
.
├── cap_01
| ├── 0101000001.json
| ├── 0101000002.json
| ├── 0101000003.json
|
├── cap_02
| ├── 0201000001.json
| ├── 0201000002.json
| ├── 0201001003.json
|
├── cap_03
| ├── 0301000001.json
| ├── 0301000002.json
| ├── 0301000003.json
|
├── docs
| ├── map.txt
| ├── main_data.xml
|
├── core_files
├── core_master
├── core_slave
以下是我应用的内容,并附有评论,以更好地理解流程。
$ cat zip_cap_dirs.py
""" Zip 'cap_*' directories. """
import os
import zipfile as zf
for root, dirs, files in sorted(os.walk('.')):
if 'cap_' in root:
print(f"Compressing: {root}")
# Defining .zip name, according to Capítulo.
cap_dir_zip = '{}.zip'.format(root)
# Opening zipfile context for current root dir.
with zf.ZipFile(cap_dir_zip, 'w', zf.ZIP_DEFLATED) as new_zip:
# Iterating over os.walk list of files for the current root dir.
for f in files:
# Defining relative path to files from current root dir.
f_path = os.path.join(root, f)
# Writing the file on the .zip file of the context
new_zip.write(f_path)
基本上,对于os.walk(路径)上的每一次迭代,我都会打开一个用于zipfile设置的上下文,然后对文件进行迭代,这是根目录中的文件列表,根据当前根目录形成每个文件的相对路径,并附加到正在运行的zipfile上下文。
输出如下所示:
$ python3 zip_cap_dirs.py
Compressing: ./cap_01
Compressing: ./cap_02
Compressing: ./cap_03
要查看每个.zip目录的内容,可以使用less命令:
$ less cap_01.zip
Archive: cap_01.zip
Length Method Size Cmpr Date Time CRC-32 Name
-------- ------ ------- ---- ---------- ----- -------- ----
22017 Defl:N 2471 89% 2019-09-05 08:05 7a3b5ec6 cap_01/0101000001.json
21998 Defl:N 2471 89% 2019-09-05 08:05 155bece7 cap_01/0101000002.json
23236 Defl:N 2573 89% 2019-09-05 08:05 55fced20 cap_01/0101000003.json
-------- ------- --- -------
67251 7515 89% 3 files
# import required python modules
# You have to install zipfile package using pip install
import os,zipfile
# Change the directory where you want your new zip file to be
os.chdir('Type your destination')
# Create a new zipfile ( I called it myfile )
zf = zipfile.ZipFile('myfile.zip','w')
# os.walk gives a directory tree. Access the files using a for loop
for dirnames,folders,files in os.walk('Type your directory'):
zf.write('Type your Directory')
for file in files:
zf.write(os.path.join('Type your directory',file))
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