我对Mark Byers给出的代码做了一些修改。如果您有空目录，下面的函数也会添加它们。示例应该更清楚添加到zip的路径是什么。

#!/usr/bin/env python
import os
import zipfile

def addDirToZip(zipHandle, path, basePath=""):
    """
    Adding directory given by \a path to opened zip file \a zipHandle

    @param basePath path that will be removed from \a path when adding to archive

    Examples:
        # add whole "dir" to "test.zip" (when you open "test.zip" you will see only "dir")
        zipHandle = zipfile.ZipFile('test.zip', 'w')
        addDirToZip(zipHandle, 'dir')
        zipHandle.close()

        # add contents of "dir" to "test.zip" (when you open "test.zip" you will see only it's contents)
        zipHandle = zipfile.ZipFile('test.zip', 'w')
        addDirToZip(zipHandle, 'dir', 'dir')
        zipHandle.close()

        # add contents of "dir/subdir" to "test.zip" (when you open "test.zip" you will see only contents of "subdir")
        zipHandle = zipfile.ZipFile('test.zip', 'w')
        addDirToZip(zipHandle, 'dir/subdir', 'dir/subdir')
        zipHandle.close()

        # add whole "dir/subdir" to "test.zip" (when you open "test.zip" you will see only "subdir")
        zipHandle = zipfile.ZipFile('test.zip', 'w')
        addDirToZip(zipHandle, 'dir/subdir', 'dir')
        zipHandle.close()

        # add whole "dir/subdir" with full path to "test.zip" (when you open "test.zip" you will see only "dir" and inside it only "subdir")
        zipHandle = zipfile.ZipFile('test.zip', 'w')
        addDirToZip(zipHandle, 'dir/subdir')
        zipHandle.close()

        # add whole "dir" and "otherDir" (with full path) to "test.zip" (when you open "test.zip" you will see only "dir" and "otherDir")
        zipHandle = zipfile.ZipFile('test.zip', 'w')
        addDirToZip(zipHandle, 'dir')
        addDirToZip(zipHandle, 'otherDir')
        zipHandle.close()
    """
    basePath = basePath.rstrip("\\/") + ""
    basePath = basePath.rstrip("\\/")
    for root, dirs, files in os.walk(path):
        # add dir itself (needed for empty dirs
        zipHandle.write(os.path.join(root, "."))
        # add files
        for file in files:
            filePath = os.path.join(root, file)
            inZipPath = filePath.replace(basePath, "", 1).lstrip("\\/")
            #print filePath + " , " + inZipPath
            zipHandle.write(filePath, inZipPath)

以上是一个简单的函数，适用于简单的情况。你可以在我的Gist中找到更优雅的课程：https://gist.github.com/Eccenux/17526123107ca0ac28e6

使用shutil，它是python标准库集的一部分。使用shutil非常简单（参见下面的代码）：

第一个参数：结果zip/tar文件的文件名，第二个参数：zip/tar，第三个参数：目录名

代码：

import shutil
shutil.make_archive('/home/user/Desktop/Filename','zip','/home/username/Desktop/Directory')

您可能想看看zipfile模块；文档位于http://docs.python.org/library/zipfile.html.

您可能还需要os.walk（）来索引目录结构。

压缩文件或树（目录及其子目录）。

from pathlib import Path
from zipfile import ZipFile, ZIP_DEFLATED

def make_zip(tree_path, zip_path, mode='w', skip_empty_dir=False):
    with ZipFile(zip_path, mode=mode, compression=ZIP_DEFLATED) as zf:
        paths = [Path(tree_path)]
        while paths:
            p = paths.pop()
            if p.is_dir():
                paths.extend(p.iterdir())
                if skip_empty_dir:
                    continue
            zf.write(p)

要附加到现有存档，请传递mode='a'，以创建新的存档mode='w'（上面的默认值）。因此，假设您希望将3个不同的目录树捆绑在同一归档文件下。

make_zip(path_to_tree1, path_to_arch, mode='w')
make_zip(path_to_tree2, path_to_arch, mode='a')
make_zip(path_to_file3, path_to_arch, mode='a')

最简单的方法是使用shutil.make_archive。它支持zip和tar格式。

import shutil
shutil.make_archive(output_filename, 'zip', dir_name)

如果您需要做一些比压缩整个目录更复杂的事情（例如跳过某些文件），那么您需要像其他人建议的那样深入到zipfile模块。

下面是Nux给出的答案的一个变体，对我有用：

def WriteDirectoryToZipFile( zipHandle, srcPath, zipLocalPath = "", zipOperation = zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED ):
    basePath = os.path.split( srcPath )[ 0 ]
    for root, dirs, files in os.walk( srcPath ):
        p = os.path.join( zipLocalPath, root [ ( len( basePath ) + 1 ) : ] )
        # add dir
        zipHandle.write( root, p, zipOperation )
        # add files
        for f in files:
            filePath = os.path.join( root, f )
            fileInZipPath = os.path.join( p, f )
            zipHandle.write( filePath, fileInZipPath, zipOperation )