我对Mark Byers给出的代码做了一些修改。如果您有空目录，下面的函数也会添加它们。示例应该更清楚添加到zip的路径是什么。

#!/usr/bin/env python
import os
import zipfile

def addDirToZip(zipHandle, path, basePath=""):
    """
    Adding directory given by \a path to opened zip file \a zipHandle

    @param basePath path that will be removed from \a path when adding to archive

    Examples:
        # add whole "dir" to "test.zip" (when you open "test.zip" you will see only "dir")
        zipHandle = zipfile.ZipFile('test.zip', 'w')
        addDirToZip(zipHandle, 'dir')
        zipHandle.close()

        # add contents of "dir" to "test.zip" (when you open "test.zip" you will see only it's contents)
        zipHandle = zipfile.ZipFile('test.zip', 'w')
        addDirToZip(zipHandle, 'dir', 'dir')
        zipHandle.close()

        # add contents of "dir/subdir" to "test.zip" (when you open "test.zip" you will see only contents of "subdir")
        zipHandle = zipfile.ZipFile('test.zip', 'w')
        addDirToZip(zipHandle, 'dir/subdir', 'dir/subdir')
        zipHandle.close()

        # add whole "dir/subdir" to "test.zip" (when you open "test.zip" you will see only "subdir")
        zipHandle = zipfile.ZipFile('test.zip', 'w')
        addDirToZip(zipHandle, 'dir/subdir', 'dir')
        zipHandle.close()

        # add whole "dir/subdir" with full path to "test.zip" (when you open "test.zip" you will see only "dir" and inside it only "subdir")
        zipHandle = zipfile.ZipFile('test.zip', 'w')
        addDirToZip(zipHandle, 'dir/subdir')
        zipHandle.close()

        # add whole "dir" and "otherDir" (with full path) to "test.zip" (when you open "test.zip" you will see only "dir" and "otherDir")
        zipHandle = zipfile.ZipFile('test.zip', 'w')
        addDirToZip(zipHandle, 'dir')
        addDirToZip(zipHandle, 'otherDir')
        zipHandle.close()
    """
    basePath = basePath.rstrip("\\/") + ""
    basePath = basePath.rstrip("\\/")
    for root, dirs, files in os.walk(path):
        # add dir itself (needed for empty dirs
        zipHandle.write(os.path.join(root, "."))
        # add files
        for file in files:
            filePath = os.path.join(root, file)
            inZipPath = filePath.replace(basePath, "", 1).lstrip("\\/")
            #print filePath + " , " + inZipPath
            zipHandle.write(filePath, inZipPath)

以上是一个简单的函数，适用于简单的情况。你可以在我的Gist中找到更优雅的课程：https://gist.github.com/Eccenux/17526123107ca0ac28e6

正如其他人所指出的，您应该使用zipfile。文档告诉哪些函数可用，但并没有真正解释如何使用它们压缩整个目录。我认为用一些示例代码来解释是最简单的：

import os
import zipfile
    
def zipdir(path, ziph):
    # ziph is zipfile handle
    for root, dirs, files in os.walk(path):
        for file in files:
            ziph.write(os.path.join(root, file), 
                       os.path.relpath(os.path.join(root, file), 
                                       os.path.join(path, '..')))

with zipfile.ZipFile('Python.zip', 'w', zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED) as zipf:
    zipdir('tmp/', zipf)

# import required python modules
# You have to install zipfile package using pip install

import os,zipfile

# Change the directory where you want your new zip file to be

os.chdir('Type your destination')

# Create a new zipfile ( I called it myfile )

zf = zipfile.ZipFile('myfile.zip','w')

# os.walk gives a directory tree. Access the files using a for loop

for dirnames,folders,files in os.walk('Type your directory'):
    zf.write('Type your Directory')
    for file in files:
        zf.write(os.path.join('Type your directory',file))

您可能想看看zipfile模块；文档位于http://docs.python.org/library/zipfile.html.

您可能还需要os.walk（）来索引目录结构。

要向生成的zip文件添加压缩，请查看此链接。

您需要更改：

zip = zipfile.ZipFile('Python.zip', 'w')

to

zip = zipfile.ZipFile('Python.zip', 'w', zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED)

显而易见的方法是使用shutil，就像第二个顶级答案所说的那样，但如果出于某种原因，您仍然希望使用ZipFile，并且如果您在执行此操作时遇到一些问题（如Windows等中的ERR 13），您可以使用此修复程序：

import os
import zipfile

def retrieve_file_paths(dirName):
  filePaths = []
  for root, directories, files in os.walk(dirName):
    for filename in files:
        filePath = os.path.join(root, filename)
        filePaths.append(filePath)
  return filePaths
 
def main(dir_name, output_filename):
  filePaths = retrieve_file_paths(dir_name)
   
  zip_file = zipfile.ZipFile(output_filename+'.zip', 'w')
  with zip_file:
    for file in filePaths:
      zip_file.write(file)

main("my_dir", "my_dir_archived")

该方法递归地遍历给定文件夹中的每个子文件夹/文件，并将它们写入zip文件，而不是尝试直接压缩文件夹。