您可能想看看zipfile模块；文档位于http://docs.python.org/library/zipfile.html.

您可能还需要os.walk（）来索引目录结构。

# import required python modules
# You have to install zipfile package using pip install

import os,zipfile

# Change the directory where you want your new zip file to be

os.chdir('Type your destination')

# Create a new zipfile ( I called it myfile )

zf = zipfile.ZipFile('myfile.zip','w')

# os.walk gives a directory tree. Access the files using a for loop

for dirnames,folders,files in os.walk('Type your directory'):
    zf.write('Type your Directory')
    for file in files:
        zf.write(os.path.join('Type your directory',file))

如果您想要一个类似于任何通用图形文件管理器的压缩文件夹的功能，可以使用以下代码，它使用zipfile模块。使用这段代码，您将得到以路径为根文件夹的zip文件。

import os
import zipfile

def zipdir(path, ziph):
    # Iterate all the directories and files
    for root, dirs, files in os.walk(path):
        # Create a prefix variable with the folder structure inside the path folder. 
        # So if a file is at the path directory will be at the root directory of the zip file
        # so the prefix will be empty. If the file belongs to a containing folder of path folder 
        # then the prefix will be that folder.
        if root.replace(path,'') == '':
                prefix = ''
        else:
                # Keep the folder structure after the path folder, append a '/' at the end 
                # and remome the first character, if it is a '/' in order to have a path like 
                # folder1/folder2/file.txt
                prefix = root.replace(path, '') + '/'
                if (prefix[0] == '/'):
                        prefix = prefix[1:]
        for filename in files:
                actual_file_path = root + '/' + filename
                zipped_file_path = prefix + filename
                zipf.write( actual_file_path, zipped_file_path)


zipf = zipfile.ZipFile('Python.zip', 'w', zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED)
zipdir('/tmp/justtest/', zipf)
zipf.close()

这里有这么多答案，我希望我可以贡献我自己的版本，它基于原始答案（顺便提一下），但具有更图形化的视角，也为每个zipfile设置使用上下文并对os.walk（）进行排序，以便获得有序的输出。

有了这些文件夹和文件（以及其他文件夹），我想为每个cap_文件夹创建一个.zip：

$ tree -d
.
├── cap_01
|    ├── 0101000001.json
|    ├── 0101000002.json
|    ├── 0101000003.json
|
├── cap_02
|    ├── 0201000001.json
|    ├── 0201000002.json
|    ├── 0201001003.json
|
├── cap_03
|    ├── 0301000001.json
|    ├── 0301000002.json
|    ├── 0301000003.json
| 
├── docs
|    ├── map.txt
|    ├── main_data.xml
|
├── core_files
     ├── core_master
     ├── core_slave

以下是我应用的内容，并附有评论，以更好地理解流程。

$ cat zip_cap_dirs.py 
""" Zip 'cap_*' directories. """           
import os                                                                       
import zipfile as zf                                                            


for root, dirs, files in sorted(os.walk('.')):                                                                                               
    if 'cap_' in root:                                                          
        print(f"Compressing: {root}")                                           
        # Defining .zip name, according to Capítulo.                            
        cap_dir_zip = '{}.zip'.format(root)                                     
        # Opening zipfile context for current root dir.                         
        with zf.ZipFile(cap_dir_zip, 'w', zf.ZIP_DEFLATED) as new_zip:          
            # Iterating over os.walk list of files for the current root dir.    
            for f in files:                                                     
                # Defining relative path to files from current root dir.        
                f_path = os.path.join(root, f)                                  
                # Writing the file on the .zip file of the context              
                new_zip.write(f_path) 

基本上，对于os.walk（路径）上的每一次迭代，我都会打开一个用于zipfile设置的上下文，然后对文件进行迭代，这是根目录中的文件列表，根据当前根目录形成每个文件的相对路径，并附加到正在运行的zipfile上下文。

输出如下所示：

$ python3 zip_cap_dirs.py
Compressing: ./cap_01
Compressing: ./cap_02
Compressing: ./cap_03

要查看每个.zip目录的内容，可以使用less命令：

$ less cap_01.zip

Archive:  cap_01.zip
 Length   Method    Size  Cmpr    Date    Time   CRC-32   Name
--------  ------  ------- ---- ---------- ----- --------  ----
  22017  Defl:N     2471  89% 2019-09-05 08:05 7a3b5ec6  cap_01/0101000001.json
  21998  Defl:N     2471  89% 2019-09-05 08:05 155bece7  cap_01/0101000002.json
  23236  Defl:N     2573  89% 2019-09-05 08:05 55fced20  cap_01/0101000003.json
--------          ------- ---                           -------
  67251             7515  89%                            3 files

您可能想看看zipfile模块；文档位于http://docs.python.org/library/zipfile.html.

您可能还需要os.walk（）来索引目录结构。

下面是Nux给出的答案的一个变体，对我有用：

def WriteDirectoryToZipFile( zipHandle, srcPath, zipLocalPath = "", zipOperation = zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED ):
    basePath = os.path.split( srcPath )[ 0 ]
    for root, dirs, files in os.walk( srcPath ):
        p = os.path.join( zipLocalPath, root [ ( len( basePath ) + 1 ) : ] )
        # add dir
        zipHandle.write( root, p, zipOperation )
        # add files
        for f in files:
            filePath = os.path.join( root, f )
            fileInZipPath = os.path.join( p, f )
            zipHandle.write( filePath, fileInZipPath, zipOperation )