如何在Python中创建目录结构的zip存档?


当前回答

# import required python modules
# You have to install zipfile package using pip install

import os,zipfile

# Change the directory where you want your new zip file to be

os.chdir('Type your destination')

# Create a new zipfile ( I called it myfile )

zf = zipfile.ZipFile('myfile.zip','w')

# os.walk gives a directory tree. Access the files using a for loop

for dirnames,folders,files in os.walk('Type your directory'):
    zf.write('Type your Directory')
    for file in files:
        zf.write(os.path.join('Type your directory',file))

其他回答

压缩文件或树(目录及其子目录)。

from pathlib import Path
from zipfile import ZipFile, ZIP_DEFLATED

def make_zip(tree_path, zip_path, mode='w', skip_empty_dir=False):
    with ZipFile(zip_path, mode=mode, compression=ZIP_DEFLATED) as zf:
        paths = [Path(tree_path)]
        while paths:
            p = paths.pop()
            if p.is_dir():
                paths.extend(p.iterdir())
                if skip_empty_dir:
                    continue
            zf.write(p)

要附加到现有存档,请传递mode='a',以创建新的存档mode='w'(上面的默认值)。因此,假设您希望将3个不同的目录树捆绑在同一归档文件下。

make_zip(path_to_tree1, path_to_arch, mode='w')
make_zip(path_to_tree2, path_to_arch, mode='a')
make_zip(path_to_file3, path_to_arch, mode='a')

您可能想看看zipfile模块;文档位于http://docs.python.org/library/zipfile.html.

您可能还需要os.walk()来索引目录结构。

要将mydirectory的内容添加到新的zip文件中,包括所有文件和子目录:

import os
import zipfile

zf = zipfile.ZipFile("myzipfile.zip", "w")
for dirname, subdirs, files in os.walk("mydirectory"):
    zf.write(dirname)
    for filename in files:
        zf.write(os.path.join(dirname, filename))
zf.close()

这里有这么多答案,我希望我可以贡献我自己的版本,它基于原始答案(顺便提一下),但具有更图形化的视角,也为每个zipfile设置使用上下文并对os.walk()进行排序,以便获得有序的输出。

有了这些文件夹和文件(以及其他文件夹),我想为每个cap_文件夹创建一个.zip:

$ tree -d
.
├── cap_01
|    ├── 0101000001.json
|    ├── 0101000002.json
|    ├── 0101000003.json
|
├── cap_02
|    ├── 0201000001.json
|    ├── 0201000002.json
|    ├── 0201001003.json
|
├── cap_03
|    ├── 0301000001.json
|    ├── 0301000002.json
|    ├── 0301000003.json
| 
├── docs
|    ├── map.txt
|    ├── main_data.xml
|
├── core_files
     ├── core_master
     ├── core_slave

以下是我应用的内容,并附有评论,以更好地理解流程。

$ cat zip_cap_dirs.py 
""" Zip 'cap_*' directories. """           
import os                                                                       
import zipfile as zf                                                            


for root, dirs, files in sorted(os.walk('.')):                                                                                               
    if 'cap_' in root:                                                          
        print(f"Compressing: {root}")                                           
        # Defining .zip name, according to Capítulo.                            
        cap_dir_zip = '{}.zip'.format(root)                                     
        # Opening zipfile context for current root dir.                         
        with zf.ZipFile(cap_dir_zip, 'w', zf.ZIP_DEFLATED) as new_zip:          
            # Iterating over os.walk list of files for the current root dir.    
            for f in files:                                                     
                # Defining relative path to files from current root dir.        
                f_path = os.path.join(root, f)                                  
                # Writing the file on the .zip file of the context              
                new_zip.write(f_path) 

基本上,对于os.walk(路径)上的每一次迭代,我都会打开一个用于zipfile设置的上下文,然后对文件进行迭代,这是根目录中的文件列表,根据当前根目录形成每个文件的相对路径,并附加到正在运行的zipfile上下文。

输出如下所示:

$ python3 zip_cap_dirs.py
Compressing: ./cap_01
Compressing: ./cap_02
Compressing: ./cap_03

要查看每个.zip目录的内容,可以使用less命令:

$ less cap_01.zip

Archive:  cap_01.zip
 Length   Method    Size  Cmpr    Date    Time   CRC-32   Name
--------  ------  ------- ---- ---------- ----- --------  ----
  22017  Defl:N     2471  89% 2019-09-05 08:05 7a3b5ec6  cap_01/0101000001.json
  21998  Defl:N     2471  89% 2019-09-05 08:05 155bece7  cap_01/0101000002.json
  23236  Defl:N     2573  89% 2019-09-05 08:05 55fced20  cap_01/0101000003.json
--------          ------- ---                           -------
  67251             7515  89%                            3 files

我还有另一个代码示例可能会有所帮助,使用python3、pathlib和zipfile。它应该可以在任何操作系统中工作。

from pathlib import Path
import zipfile
from datetime import datetime

DATE_FORMAT = '%y%m%d'


def date_str():
    """returns the today string year, month, day"""
    return '{}'.format(datetime.now().strftime(DATE_FORMAT))


def zip_name(path):
    """returns the zip filename as string"""
    cur_dir = Path(path).resolve()
    parent_dir = cur_dir.parents[0]
    zip_filename = '{}/{}_{}.zip'.format(parent_dir, cur_dir.name, date_str())
    p_zip = Path(zip_filename)
    n = 1
    while p_zip.exists():
        zip_filename = ('{}/{}_{}_{}.zip'.format(parent_dir, cur_dir.name,
                                             date_str(), n))
        p_zip = Path(zip_filename)
        n += 1
    return zip_filename


def all_files(path):
    """iterator returns all files and folders from path as absolute path string
    """
    for child in Path(path).iterdir():
        yield str(child)
        if child.is_dir():
            for grand_child in all_files(str(child)):
                yield str(Path(grand_child))


def zip_dir(path):
    """generate a zip"""
    zip_filename = zip_name(path)
    zip_file = zipfile.ZipFile(zip_filename, 'w')
    print('create:', zip_filename)
    for file in all_files(path):
        print('adding... ', file)
        zip_file.write(file)
    zip_file.close()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    zip_dir('.')
    print('end!')