基本的区别:

工厂:创建对象时不向客户端公开实例化逻辑。

工厂方法:定义用于创建对象的接口，但让子类决定实例化哪个类。Factory方法允许类延迟实例化到子类

抽象工厂:提供一个接口，用于创建一系列相关或依赖的对象，而无需指定它们的具体类。

AbstractFactory模式使用组合将创建对象的责任委托给另一个类，而Factory方法模式使用继承并依赖于派生类或子类来创建对象

来自oodesign的文章:

工厂类图:

例如:StaticFactory

 public class ShapeFactory {

   //use getShape method to get object of type shape 
   public static Shape getShape(String shapeType){
      if(shapeType == null){
         return null;
      }     
      if(shapeType.equalsIgnoreCase("CIRCLE")){
         return new Circle();

      } else if(shapeType.equalsIgnoreCase("RECTANGLE")){
         return new Rectangle();

      } else if(shapeType.equalsIgnoreCase("SQUARE")){
         return new Square();
      }

      return null;
   }
}

非静态工厂实现FactoryMethod的例子在这篇文章中可用:

设计模式:工厂vs工厂方法vs抽象工厂

何时使用:客户端只需要一个类，并不关心它得到的是哪个具体实现。

工厂方法类digaram:

何时使用:客户端不知道在运行时需要创建什么具体的类，而只是想获得一个可以完成这项工作的类。

来自dzone的抽象工厂类图

何时使用:当您的系统必须创建多个产品系列，或者您希望提供一个产品库而不公开实现细节时。

以上文章中的源代码示例非常有助于清楚地理解这些概念。

相关SE问题与代码示例:

工厂模式。什么时候使用工厂方法?

差异:

抽象工厂类通常使用工厂方法来实现，但它们也可以使用原型来实现 设计开始使用工厂方法(不太复杂，更可定制，子类激增)，然后向其他需要更多灵活性的创建模式(更灵活，更复杂)发展。 工厂方法通常在模板方法中调用。

其他有用的文章:

来自sourcemmaking的Factory_method

摘要工厂从sourcemmaking

来自journaldev的抽象工厂设计模式

抽象工厂是创建相关对象的接口，而工厂方法是一种方法。抽象工厂采用工厂方法实现。

抽象工厂的示例/场景

I live in a place where it rains in the rainy season, snows in winter and hot and sunny in summers. I need different kind of clothes to protect myself from the elements. To do so I go to the store near my house and ask for clothing/items to protect myself. The store keeper gives me the appropriate item as per the environment and depth of my pocket. The items he gives me are of same level of quality and price range. Since he is aware of my standards its easy for him to do so. But when a rich guy from across the street comes up with the same requirements he gets an expensive, branded item. One noticeable thing is all the items he gives to me complement each other in term quality, standard and cost. One can say they go with each other. Same is the case with the items this rich guy gets.

所以通过上面的场景，我现在很欣赏店主的效率。我可以用抽象商店代替这个店主。我们得到的东西是抽象的东西，而我和富人是潜在的客户。我们所需要的只是符合我们需要的产品。

Now I can easily see myself considering an online store which provides a set of services to its numerous clients. Each client belongs to one of the three groups. When a premium group user opens up the site he gets great UI, highly customised advertisement pane, more options in the menus etc. These same set of features are presented to gold user but the functionality in the menu is less, advertisements are mostly relevent, and slightly less egronomic UI. Last is my kind of user, a ‘free group’ user. I am just served enough so that I do not get offended. The UI is a bare minimum, advertisements are way off track so much so that I do not know what comes in it, lastly the menu has only log out.

如果我有机会建立一个像这样的网站，我肯定会考虑抽象工厂模式。

产品:广告面板，菜单，用户界面画师。 摘要工厂:网络商店用户体验 Concreate Factory:高级用户体验，黄金用户体验，普通用户体验。

工厂方法:您有一个工厂，它创建派生自特定基类的对象

抽象工厂:你有一个创建其他工厂的工厂，这些工厂反过来创建从基类派生的对象。这样做是因为您通常不只是想创建单个对象(与Factory方法一样)—相反，您想创建相关对象的集合。

延伸John Feminella的回答:

Apple, Banana, Cherry实现了FruitFactory，它有一个叫做Create的方法，它只负责创建Apple, Banana或Cherry。Factory方法就完成了。

现在，你想用你的水果创建一个特殊的沙拉，这就是你的抽象工厂。抽象工厂知道如何用苹果、香蕉和樱桃制作你的特殊沙拉。

public class Apple implements Fruit, FruitFactory {
    public Fruit Create() {
        // Apple creation logic goes here
    }
}

public class Banana implements Fruit, FruitFactory {
    public Fruit Create() {
        // Banana creation logic goes here
    }
}

public class Cherry implements Fruit, FruitFactory {
    public Fruit Create() {
        // Cherry creation logic goes here
    }
}

public class SpecialSalad implements Salad, SaladFactory {
    public static Salad Create(FruitFactory[] fruits) {
        // loop through the factory and create the fruits.
        // then you're ready to cut and slice your fruits 
        // to create your special salad.
    }
}

Abstract Factory is template for creating different type of interfaces. Suppose you have project that requires you to parse different types of csv files containing quantity, price and item specific information like some contain data about fruits other about chocolates and then after parsing you need to update this information in their corresponding database so now you can have one abstract factory returning you parser and modifier factory and then this parser factory can return you Chocolate parser object,Fruit Parser Object etc. and similarly Modifier Factory can return Chocolate modifier object , Fruit Modifier object etc.