我如何添加一个颜色列到下面的数据框架,使颜色='绿色'如果设置== 'Z',和颜色='红色'否则?
Type Set
1 A Z
2 B Z
3 B X
4 C Y
我如何添加一个颜色列到下面的数据框架,使颜色='绿色'如果设置== 'Z',和颜色='红色'否则?
Type Set
1 A Z
2 B Z
3 B X
4 C Y
当前回答
这是另一种方法,使用字典将新值映射到列表中的键:
def map_values(row, values_dict):
return values_dict[row]
values_dict = {'A': 1, 'B': 2, 'C': 3, 'D': 4}
df = pd.DataFrame({'INDICATOR': ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D'], 'VALUE': [10, 9, 8, 7]})
df['NEW_VALUE'] = df['INDICATOR'].apply(map_values, args = (values_dict,))
它看起来像什么:
df
Out[2]:
INDICATOR VALUE NEW_VALUE
0 A 10 1
1 B 9 2
2 C 8 3
3 D 7 4
当你有很多ifelse类型语句要执行时(例如,很多唯一值要替换),这种方法非常强大。
当然你可以这样做:
df['NEW_VALUE'] = df['INDICATOR'].map(values_dict)
但在我的机器上,这种方法比上面的apply方法慢三倍多。
你也可以使用dict.get:
df['NEW_VALUE'] = [values_dict.get(v, None) for v in df['INDICATOR']]
其他回答
如果你在处理海量数据,记忆方法是最好的:
# First create a dictionary of manually stored values
color_dict = {'Z':'red'}
# Second, build a dictionary of "other" values
color_dict_other = {x:'green' for x in df['Set'].unique() if x not in color_dict.keys()}
# Next, merge the two
color_dict.update(color_dict_other)
# Finally, map it to your column
df['color'] = df['Set'].map(color_dict)
当您有许多重复的值时,这种方法将是最快的。我的一般经验法则是记住data_size > 10**4 & n_distinct < data_size/4
在一种情况下,记忆10,000行,不同值不超过2,500。
当你有一个或几个条件时,可以使用下面的简单语句:
df['color'] = np.select(condlist=[df['Set']=="Z", df['Set']=="Y"], choicelist=["green", "yellow"], default="red")
容易,很好去!
更多信息请访问:https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.select.html
列表推导式是有条件地创建另一列的另一种方法。如果您在列中使用对象dtype,就像您的示例一样,列表推导式通常优于大多数其他方法。
示例列表理解:
df['color'] = ['red' if x == 'Z' else 'green' for x in df['Set']]
%时间它测试:
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
df = pd.DataFrame({'Type':list('ABBC'), 'Set':list('ZZXY')})
%timeit df['color'] = ['red' if x == 'Z' else 'green' for x in df['Set']]
%timeit df['color'] = np.where(df['Set']=='Z', 'green', 'red')
%timeit df['color'] = df.Set.map( lambda x: 'red' if x == 'Z' else 'green')
1000 loops, best of 3: 239 µs per loop
1000 loops, best of 3: 523 µs per loop
1000 loops, best of 3: 263 µs per loop
一个使用np.select的更简洁的方法:
a = np.array([['A','Z'],['B','Z'],['B','X'],['C','Y']])
df = pd.DataFrame(a,columns=['Type','Set'])
conditions = [
df['Set'] == 'Z'
]
outputs = [
'Green'
]
# conditions Z is Green, Red Otherwise.
res = np.select(conditions, outputs, 'Red')
res
array(['Green', 'Green', 'Red', 'Red'], dtype='<U5')
df.insert(2, 'new_column',res)
df
Type Set new_column
0 A Z Green
1 B Z Green
2 B X Red
3 C Y Red
df.to_numpy()
array([['A', 'Z', 'Green'],
['B', 'Z', 'Green'],
['B', 'X', 'Red'],
['C', 'Y', 'Red']], dtype=object)
%%timeit conditions = [df['Set'] == 'Z']
outputs = ['Green']
np.select(conditions, outputs, 'Red')
134 µs ± 9.71 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 10000 loops each)
df2 = pd.DataFrame({'Type':list('ABBC')*1000000, 'Set':list('ZZXY')*1000000})
%%timeit conditions = [df2['Set'] == 'Z']
outputs = ['Green']
np.select(conditions, outputs, 'Red')
188 ms ± 26.5 ms per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 1 loop each)
您可以简单地使用强大的.loc方法,并根据需要使用一个或多个条件(使用pandas=1.0.5进行测试)。
代码总结:
df=pd.DataFrame(dict(Type='A B B C'.split(), Set='Z Z X Y'.split()))
df['Color'] = "red"
df.loc[(df['Set']=="Z"), 'Color'] = "green"
#practice!
df.loc[(df['Set']=="Z")&(df['Type']=="B")|(df['Type']=="C"), 'Color'] = "purple"
解释:
df=pd.DataFrame(dict(Type='A B B C'.split(), Set='Z Z X Y'.split()))
# df so far:
Type Set
0 A Z
1 B Z
2 B X
3 C Y
添加“color”列,并将所有值设置为“red”
df['Color'] = "red"
应用你的单一条件:
df.loc[(df['Set']=="Z"), 'Color'] = "green"
# df:
Type Set Color
0 A Z green
1 B Z green
2 B X red
3 C Y red
或者多重条件:
df.loc[(df['Set']=="Z")&(df['Type']=="B")|(df['Type']=="C"), 'Color'] = "purple"
你可以在这里阅读Pandas逻辑运算符和条件选择: Pandas中用于布尔索引的逻辑运算符