使用.apply()方法的一行代码如下:

df['color'] = df['Set'].apply(lambda set_: 'green' if set_=='Z' else 'red')

之后，df数据帧是这样的:

>>> print(df)
  Type Set  color
0    A   Z  green
1    B   Z  green
2    B   X    red
3    C   Y    red

这是另一种方法，使用字典将新值映射到列表中的键:

def map_values(row, values_dict):
    return values_dict[row]

values_dict = {'A': 1, 'B': 2, 'C': 3, 'D': 4}

df = pd.DataFrame({'INDICATOR': ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D'], 'VALUE': [10, 9, 8, 7]})

df['NEW_VALUE'] = df['INDICATOR'].apply(map_values, args = (values_dict,))

它看起来像什么:

df
Out[2]: 
  INDICATOR  VALUE  NEW_VALUE
0         A     10          1
1         B      9          2
2         C      8          3
3         D      7          4

当你有很多ifelse类型语句要执行时(例如，很多唯一值要替换)，这种方法非常强大。

当然你可以这样做:

df['NEW_VALUE'] = df['INDICATOR'].map(values_dict)

但在我的机器上，这种方法比上面的apply方法慢三倍多。

你也可以使用dict.get:

df['NEW_VALUE'] = [values_dict.get(v, None) for v in df['INDICATOR']]

一个使用np.select的更简洁的方法:

a = np.array([['A','Z'],['B','Z'],['B','X'],['C','Y']])
df = pd.DataFrame(a,columns=['Type','Set'])

conditions = [
    df['Set'] == 'Z'
]

outputs = [
    'Green'
    ]
             # conditions Z is Green, Red Otherwise.
res = np.select(conditions, outputs, 'Red')
res 
array(['Green', 'Green', 'Red', 'Red'], dtype='<U5')
df.insert(2, 'new_column',res)    

df
    Type    Set new_column
0   A   Z   Green
1   B   Z   Green
2   B   X   Red
3   C   Y   Red

df.to_numpy()    
    
array([['A', 'Z', 'Green'],
       ['B', 'Z', 'Green'],
       ['B', 'X', 'Red'],
       ['C', 'Y', 'Red']], dtype=object)

%%timeit conditions = [df['Set'] == 'Z'] 
outputs = ['Green'] 
np.select(conditions, outputs, 'Red')

134 µs ± 9.71 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 10000 loops each)

df2 = pd.DataFrame({'Type':list('ABBC')*1000000, 'Set':list('ZZXY')*1000000})
%%timeit conditions = [df2['Set'] == 'Z'] 
outputs = ['Green'] 
np.select(conditions, outputs, 'Red')

188 ms ± 26.5 ms per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 1 loop each)

如果你只有两种选择:

df['color'] = np.where(df['Set']=='Z', 'green', 'red')

例如,

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

df = pd.DataFrame({'Type':list('ABBC'), 'Set':list('ZZXY')})
df['color'] = np.where(df['Set']=='Z', 'green', 'red')
print(df)

收益率

  Set Type  color
0   Z    A  green
1   Z    B  green
2   X    B    red
3   Y    C    red

如果你有两个以上的条件，那么使用np.select。例如，如果你想要颜色

黄色时(df['设置']= = ' Z ') & (df(“类型”)= =“一”) 否则蓝色当(df['设置']= = ' Z ') & (df(“类型”)= = ' B ') 否则为紫色，当(df['Type'] == 'B') 否则黑,

然后使用

df = pd.DataFrame({'Type':list('ABBC'), 'Set':list('ZZXY')})
conditions = [
    (df['Set'] == 'Z') & (df['Type'] == 'A'),
    (df['Set'] == 'Z') & (df['Type'] == 'B'),
    (df['Type'] == 'B')]
choices = ['yellow', 'blue', 'purple']
df['color'] = np.select(conditions, choices, default='black')
print(df)

的收益率

  Set Type   color
0   Z    A  yellow
1   Z    B    blue
2   X    B  purple
3   Y    C   black

pyjanitor中的case_when函数是pd.Series.mask的包装器，并为多种条件提供了可链接/方便的形式:

对于单一条件:

df.case_when(
    df.col1 == "Z",  # condition
    "green",         # value if True
    "red",           # value if False
    column_name = "color"
    )

  Type Set  color
1    A   Z  green
2    B   Z  green
3    B   X    red
4    C   Y    red

适用于多种情况:

df.case_when(
    df.Set.eq('Z') & df.Type.eq('A'), 'yellow', # condition, result
    df.Set.eq('Z') & df.Type.eq('B'), 'blue',   # condition, result
    df.Type.eq('B'), 'purple',                  # condition, result
    'black',              # default if none of the conditions evaluate to True
    column_name = 'color'  
)
  Type  Set   color
1    A   Z  yellow
2    B   Z    blue
3    B   X  purple
4    C   Y   black

更多的例子可以在这里找到

当你有一个或几个条件时，可以使用下面的简单语句:

df['color'] = np.select(condlist=[df['Set']=="Z", df['Set']=="Y"], choicelist=["green", "yellow"], default="red")

容易，很好去!

更多信息请访问:https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/generated/numpy.select.html