pyjanitor中的case_when函数是pd.Series.mask的包装器，并为多种条件提供了可链接/方便的形式:

对于单一条件:

df.case_when(
    df.col1 == "Z",  # condition
    "green",         # value if True
    "red",           # value if False
    column_name = "color"
    )

  Type Set  color
1    A   Z  green
2    B   Z  green
3    B   X    red
4    C   Y    red

适用于多种情况:

df.case_when(
    df.Set.eq('Z') & df.Type.eq('A'), 'yellow', # condition, result
    df.Set.eq('Z') & df.Type.eq('B'), 'blue',   # condition, result
    df.Type.eq('B'), 'purple',                  # condition, result
    'black',              # default if none of the conditions evaluate to True
    column_name = 'color'  
)
  Type  Set   color
1    A   Z  yellow
2    B   Z    blue
3    B   X  purple
4    C   Y   black

更多的例子可以在这里找到

如果你在处理海量数据，记忆方法是最好的:

# First create a dictionary of manually stored values
color_dict = {'Z':'red'}

# Second, build a dictionary of "other" values
color_dict_other = {x:'green' for x in df['Set'].unique() if x not in color_dict.keys()}

# Next, merge the two
color_dict.update(color_dict_other)

# Finally, map it to your column
df['color'] = df['Set'].map(color_dict)

当您有许多重复的值时，这种方法将是最快的。我的一般经验法则是记住data_size > 10**4 & n_distinct < data_size/4

在一种情况下，记忆10,000行，不同值不超过2,500。

如果你只有两种选择:

df['color'] = np.where(df['Set']=='Z', 'green', 'red')

例如,

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

df = pd.DataFrame({'Type':list('ABBC'), 'Set':list('ZZXY')})
df['color'] = np.where(df['Set']=='Z', 'green', 'red')
print(df)

收益率

  Set Type  color
0   Z    A  green
1   Z    B  green
2   X    B    red
3   Y    C    red

如果你有两个以上的条件，那么使用np.select。例如，如果你想要颜色

黄色时(df['设置']= = ' Z ') & (df(“类型”)= =“一”) 否则蓝色当(df['设置']= = ' Z ') & (df(“类型”)= = ' B ') 否则为紫色，当(df['Type'] == 'B') 否则黑,

然后使用

df = pd.DataFrame({'Type':list('ABBC'), 'Set':list('ZZXY')})
conditions = [
    (df['Set'] == 'Z') & (df['Type'] == 'A'),
    (df['Set'] == 'Z') & (df['Type'] == 'B'),
    (df['Type'] == 'B')]
choices = ['yellow', 'blue', 'purple']
df['color'] = np.select(conditions, choices, default='black')
print(df)

的收益率

  Set Type   color
0   Z    A  yellow
1   Z    B    blue
2   X    B  purple
3   Y    C   black

列表推导式是有条件地创建另一列的另一种方法。如果您在列中使用对象dtype，就像您的示例一样，列表推导式通常优于大多数其他方法。

示例列表理解:

df['color'] = ['red' if x == 'Z' else 'green' for x in df['Set']]

%时间它测试：

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

df = pd.DataFrame({'Type':list('ABBC'), 'Set':list('ZZXY')})
%timeit df['color'] = ['red' if x == 'Z' else 'green' for x in df['Set']]
%timeit df['color'] = np.where(df['Set']=='Z', 'green', 'red')
%timeit df['color'] = df.Set.map( lambda x: 'red' if x == 'Z' else 'green')

1000 loops, best of 3: 239 µs per loop
1000 loops, best of 3: 523 µs per loop
1000 loops, best of 3: 263 µs per loop

一个使用np.select的更简洁的方法:

a = np.array([['A','Z'],['B','Z'],['B','X'],['C','Y']])
df = pd.DataFrame(a,columns=['Type','Set'])

conditions = [
    df['Set'] == 'Z'
]

outputs = [
    'Green'
    ]
             # conditions Z is Green, Red Otherwise.
res = np.select(conditions, outputs, 'Red')
res 
array(['Green', 'Green', 'Red', 'Red'], dtype='<U5')
df.insert(2, 'new_column',res)    

df
    Type    Set new_column
0   A   Z   Green
1   B   Z   Green
2   B   X   Red
3   C   Y   Red

df.to_numpy()    
    
array([['A', 'Z', 'Green'],
       ['B', 'Z', 'Green'],
       ['B', 'X', 'Red'],
       ['C', 'Y', 'Red']], dtype=object)

%%timeit conditions = [df['Set'] == 'Z'] 
outputs = ['Green'] 
np.select(conditions, outputs, 'Red')

134 µs ± 9.71 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 10000 loops each)

df2 = pd.DataFrame({'Type':list('ABBC')*1000000, 'Set':list('ZZXY')*1000000})
%%timeit conditions = [df2['Set'] == 'Z'] 
outputs = ['Green'] 
np.select(conditions, outputs, 'Red')

188 ms ± 26.5 ms per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 1 loop each)

您可以简单地使用强大的.loc方法，并根据需要使用一个或多个条件(使用pandas=1.0.5进行测试)。

代码总结:

df=pd.DataFrame(dict(Type='A B B C'.split(), Set='Z Z X Y'.split()))
df['Color'] = "red"
df.loc[(df['Set']=="Z"), 'Color'] = "green"

#practice!
df.loc[(df['Set']=="Z")&(df['Type']=="B")|(df['Type']=="C"), 'Color'] = "purple"

解释:

df=pd.DataFrame(dict(Type='A B B C'.split(), Set='Z Z X Y'.split()))

# df so far: 
  Type Set  
0    A   Z 
1    B   Z 
2    B   X 
3    C   Y

添加“color”列，并将所有值设置为“red”

df['Color'] = "red"

应用你的单一条件:

df.loc[(df['Set']=="Z"), 'Color'] = "green"


# df: 
  Type Set  Color
0    A   Z  green
1    B   Z  green
2    B   X    red
3    C   Y    red

或者多重条件:

df.loc[(df['Set']=="Z")&(df['Type']=="B")|(df['Type']=="C"), 'Color'] = "purple"

你可以在这里阅读Pandas逻辑运算符和条件选择: Pandas中用于布尔索引的逻辑运算符