两者之间存在差异

ABSTRAACTION

and

封装

1.    First difference between Abstraction and Encapsulation is that, Abstraction is implemented in Java using interface and abstract class while Encapsulation is implemented using private, package-private and protected access modifier.

2.    Data abstraction simply means generalizing something to hide the complex logic that goes underneath where Encapsulation is DATA HIDING.


3.    Encapsulation is combining related logic data (variables and methods) where as Abstraction is hiding internal implementation details and expose only relevant details to the user. In a way you can Abstraction is achieved by Encapsulation.

让我们以堆栈为例。它可以使用数组或链表来实现。但它支持的操作是推送和弹出。

Now abstraction is exposing only the interfaces push and pop. The underlying representation is hidden (is it an array or a linked list?) and a well-defined interface is provided. Now how do you ensure that no accidental access is made to the abstracted data? That is where encapsulation comes in. For example, classes in C++ use the access specifiers which ensure that accidental access and modification is prevented. And also, by making the above-mentioned interfaces as public, it ensures that the only way to manipulate the stack is through the well-defined interface. In the process, it has coupled the data and the code that can manipulate it (let's not get the friend functions involved here). That is, the code and data are bonded together or tied or encapsulated.

封装要求模块化。它要求您创建具有数据和处理数据的方法的对象。在这种情况下，您可以将其视为一个模块。

抽象为您提供了类的一般视图。

通过使用单个通用示例进行抽象和封装

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我们都用计算器来计算复杂的问题!

抽象:只显示必要的信息。让我们关注一下在计算机上进行开关的例子。当系统仍在加载时，用户不必知道发生了什么(该信息对用户隐藏)。

让我们再举一个例子，ATM机。客户不需要知道机器如何读取密码并处理交易，他所需要做的就是输入密码，拿现金然后离开。

封装:处理隐藏类的敏感数据，从而私有化类的一部分。这是一种通过不允许外部访问来保持某些信息对其客户端的私密性的方法。

抽象让您关注对象做了什么，而不是它是如何做的 封装意味着隐藏对象如何做某事的内部细节或机制。

就像你开车时，你知道油门踏板的作用，但你可能不知道它背后的过程，因为它是封装的。

让我用c#举个例子。假设你有一个整数:

int Number = 5;
string aStrNumber = Number.ToString();

你可以使用像number . tostring()这样的方法，它返回数字5的字符表示，并将其存储在字符串对象中。该方法告诉您它做了什么，而不是如何做。