抽象和封装的区别?

封装和抽象之间的确切区别是什么?

当前回答

抽象:抽象的意思是显示功能的哪一部分。

封装:封装意味着隐藏功能的How部分。

让我们举一个非常简单的例子

/// <summary>
/// We have an Employee class having two properties EmployeeName and EmployeeCode
/// </summary>
public class Employee
{
    public string EmplpyeeName { get; set; }
    public string EmployeeCode { get; set; }

    // Add new employee to DB is the main functionality, so are making it public so that we can expose it to external environment
    // This is ABSTRACTION
    public void AddEmployee(Employee obj)
    {
        // "Creation of DB connection" and "To check if employee exists" are internal details which we have hide from external environment
        // You can see that these methods are private, external environment just need "What" part only
        CreateDBConnection();
        CheckIfEmployeeExists();
    }


    // ENCAPLUSATION using private keyword
    private bool CheckIfEmployeeExists()
    {
        // Here we can validate if the employee already exists
        return true;
    }

    // ENCAPLUSATION using private keyword
    private void CreateDBConnection()
    {
        // Create DB connection code
    }
}

控制台应用程序程序类

class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        Employee obj = new Employee();
        obj.EmplpyeeName = "001";
        obj.EmployeeCode = "Raj";

        // We have exposed only what part of the functionality
        obj.AddEmployee(obj);
    }
}

2015-06-08 09:25:39

其他回答

抽象或封装并不严格要求信息隐藏。信息可能会被忽略，但不一定要隐藏。

封装是一种将事物视为单一事物的能力，即使它可能由许多复杂的部分或思想组成。例如，我可以说我坐在一把“椅子”上，而不是指这把椅子上的许多不同部分，每个部分都有特定的设计和功能，它们精确地组合在一起，目的是让我的屁股舒适地离地板几英尺远。

Abstraction is enabled by encapsulation. Because we encapsulate objects, we can think about them as things which relate to each other in some way rather than getting bogged down in the subtle details of internal object structure. Abstraction is the ability to consider the bigger picture, removed from concern over little details. The root of the word is abstract as in the summary that appears at the top of a scholarly paper, not abstract as in a class which can only be instantiated as a derived subclass.

I can honestly say that when I plop my butt down in my chair, I never think about how the structure of that chair will catch and hold my weight. It's a decent enough chair that I don't have to worry about those details. So I can turn my attention toward my computer. And again, I don't think about the component parts of my computer. I'm just looking at a part of a webpage that represents a text area that I can type in, and I'm communicating in words, barely even thinking about how my fingers always find the right letters so quickly on the keyboard, and how the connection is ultimately made between tapping these keys and posting to this forum. This is the great power of abstraction. Because the lower levels of the system can be trusted to work with consistency and precision, we have attention to spare for greater work.

2013-08-26 16:58:20

下面这段话帮助我理解了它们之间的区别:

数据封装是一种捆绑数据的机制使用它们的函数和数据抽象是一种机制只暴露接口，隐藏实现细节来自用户。

你可以在这里阅读更多。

2016-12-10 10:48:05

通过使用单个通用示例进行抽象和封装

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我们都用计算器来计算复杂的问题!

2013-08-26 10:50:16

封装隐藏了实现细节，这些细节可能是通用的，也可能不是专门的行为。

抽象提供了一种泛化(例如，在一组行为之上)。

这里有一个很好的阅读:抽象、封装和信息隐藏，作者是Object Agency的Edward V. Berard。