下面这段话帮助我理解了它们之间的区别:

数据封装是一种捆绑数据的机制 使用它们的函数和数据抽象是一种机制 只暴露接口，隐藏实现细节 来自用户。

你可以在这里阅读更多。

一种防止特定对象的数据被外部函数故意或意外误用的机制叫做“数据封装”。

在不包括背景细节或解释的情况下表现基本特征的行为被称为抽象

通过使用单个通用示例进行抽象和封装

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我们都用计算器来计算复杂的问题!

class Aeroplane : IFlyable, IFuelable, IMachine
{ // Aeroplane's Design says:
  // Aeroplane is a flying object
  // Aeroplane can be fueled
  // Aeroplane is a Machine
}
// But the code related to Pilot, or Driver of Aeroplane is not bothered 
// about Machine or Fuel. Hence,
// pilot code:
IFlyable flyingObj = new Aeroplane();
flyingObj.Fly();
// fighter Pilot related code
IFlyable flyingObj2 = new FighterAeroplane();
flyingObj2.Fly();
// UFO related code 
IFlyable ufoObj = new UFO();
ufoObj.Fly();
// **All the 3 Above codes are genaralized using IFlyable,
// Interface Abstraction**
// Fly related code knows how to fly, irrespective of the type of 
// flying object they are.

// Similarly, Fuel related code:
// Fueling an Aeroplane
IFuelable fuelableObj = new Aeroplane();
fuelableObj.FillFuel();
// Fueling a Car
IFuelable fuelableObj2 = new Car(); // class Car : IFuelable { }
fuelableObj2.FillFuel();

// ** Fueling code does not need know what kind of vehicle it is, so far 
// as it can Fill Fuel**

封装是将复杂性包裹在一个胶囊中，即类&因此封装… 抽象是一个对象区别于其他对象的特征。

抽象可以通过使具有一个或多个抽象方法的类抽象来实现。它只是一个特性，应该由扩展它的类来实现。 例如，当你发明/设计一辆汽车时，你定义了一个特征，比如汽车应该有4个门、刹车、方向盘等，所以任何使用这种设计的人都应该包括这些特征。实现并不是抽象的首要部分。它只会定义应该包含的特征。

Encapsulation is achieved keeping data and the behaviour in one capsule that is class & by making use of access modifiers like public, private, protected along with inheritance, aggregation or composition. So you only show only required things, that too, only to the extent you want to show. i.e. public, protected, friendly & private ka funda…… e.g. GM decides to use the abstracted design of car above. But they have various products having the same characteristics & doing almost same functionality. So they write a class which extends the above abstract class. It says how gear box should work, how break should work, how steering wheel should work. Then all the products just use this common functionality. They need not know how the gear box works or break works or steering wheal works. Indivisual product can surely have more features like a/c or auto lock etc…..

两者都很强大;但是使用抽象需要比封装更多的技能，没有抽象，更大的应用程序/产品就无法生存。

抽象是对用户隐藏无用的数据 封装是将数据绑定到一个胶囊(类)中。 我认为封装是我们实现抽象的方式。