我不认为指针本身令人困惑。大多数人都能理解这个概念。现在你能想到多少个指针或者你能适应多少个间接层次。不需要太多就能让人崩溃。它们可能会被程序中的错误意外更改，这也会使它们在代码中出错时很难调试。

The problem with pointers is not the concept. It's the execution and language involved. Additional confusion results when teachers assume that it's the CONCEPT of pointers that's difficult, and not the jargon, or the convoluted mess C and C++ makes of the concept. So vast amounts of effort are poored into explaining the concept (like in the accepted answer for this question) and it's pretty much just wasted on someone like me, because I already understand all of that. It's just explaining the wrong part of the problem.

为了让你知道我是怎么来的，我是一个非常理解指针的人，我可以在汇编语言中熟练地使用它们。因为在汇编语言中，它们不被称为指针。它们被称为地址。当我在C语言中编程和使用指针时，我犯了很多错误，并感到非常困惑。我还没弄清楚。让我给你们举个例子。

当一个api说:

int doIt(char *buffer )
//*buffer is a pointer to the buffer

它想要什么?

它可能想要:

表示缓冲区地址的数字

(给它，我说doIt(mybuffer)，还是doIt(* mybuffer) ?)

表示缓冲区地址的一种数字

(doIt(&mybuffer) or doIt(mybuffer) or doIt(*mybuffer)?)

表示缓冲区地址的地址的数字

(可能是doIt(&mybuffer)。还是doIt(&&mybuffer) ?甚至doIt(&&&mybuffer))

and so on, and the language involved doesn't make it as clear because it involves the words "pointer" and "reference" that don't hold as much meaning and clarity to me as "x holds the address to y" and "this function requires an address to y". The answer additionally depends on just what the heck "mybuffer" is to begin with, and what doIt intends to do with it. The language doesn't support the levels of nesting that are encountered in practice. Like when I have to hand a "pointer" in to a function that creates a new buffer, and it modifies the pointer to point at the new location of the buffer. Does it really want the pointer, or a pointer to the pointer, so it knows where to go to modify the contents of the pointer. Most of the time I just have to guess what is meant by "pointer" and most of the time I'm wrong, regardless of how much experience I get at guessing.

指针重载了。指针是指向值的地址吗?或者它是一个将地址保存到值的变量。当一个函数需要一个指针时，它是想要指针变量保存的地址，还是指针变量的地址? 我困惑。

I think that the main reason that people have trouble with it is because it's generally not taught in an interesting and engaging manner. I'd like to see a lecturer get 10 volunteers from the crowd and give them a 1 meter ruler each, get them to stand around in a certain configuration and use the rulers to point at each other. Then show pointer arithmetic by moving people around (and where they point their rulers). It'd be a simple but effective (and above all memorable) way of showing the concepts without getting too bogged down in the mechanics.

一旦你学了C和c++，对某些人来说似乎就更难了。我不确定这是因为他们最终把他们没有正确掌握的理论应用到实践中，还是因为在这些语言中指针操作天生就更难。我不太记得我自己的转变，但我知道Pascal中的指针，然后转到C，完全迷失了。

它之所以如此难以理解，并不是因为它是一个复杂的概念，而是因为语法不一致。

int *mypointer;

您首先了解到变量创建的最左边部分定义了变量的类型。在C和c++中，指针声明不是这样工作的。相反，他们说变量指向左边的类型。在这种情况下:*mypointer指向int类型。

我没有完全掌握指针，直到我尝试在c#中使用它们(不安全)，它们以完全相同的方式工作，但具有逻辑和一致的语法。指针本身就是一个类型。这里mypointer是一个指向int型的指针。

int* mypointer;

甚至不要让我开始函数指针…

上面的一些回答断言“指针并不难”，但并没有直接解决“指针难”的来源。几年前，我辅导一年级的CS学生(只教了一年，因为我显然学得很差)，我很清楚指针的概念并不难。难的是理解为什么以及什么时候需要指针。

我不认为您可以将这个问题(为什么以及何时使用指针)与解释更广泛的软件工程问题分开。为什么每个变量都不应该是全局变量，以及为什么应该把类似的代码分解成函数(也就是使用指针将它们的行为专门化到它们的调用位置)。

在我的第一节compp Sci课上，我们做了以下练习。当然，这是一个大约有200名学生的演讲厅……

教授在黑板上写道:int john;

约翰站起来

教授写道:int *sally = &john;

莎莉站起来，指着约翰

int *bill = sally;

比尔站起来，指着约翰

教授:int sam;

山姆站起来

教授:bill = &sam;

比尔现在指向山姆。

我想你已经明白了。我想我们花了一个小时来做这个，直到我们复习了指针赋值的基础知识。