考虑下面以串行/顺序方式读取文件数组的代码。readFiles返回一个承诺,只有在顺序读取所有文件后才会解析这个承诺。

var readFile = function(file) {
  ... // Returns a promise.
};

var readFiles = function(files) {
  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    var readSequential = function(index) {
      if (index >= files.length) {
        resolve();
      } else {
        readFile(files[index]).then(function() {
          readSequential(index + 1);
        }).catch(reject);
      }
    };

    readSequential(0); // Start with the first file!
  });
};

上面的代码可以工作,但是我不喜欢为了使事情按顺序发生而进行递归。是否有一种更简单的方法可以重写这段代码,这样我就不必使用奇怪的readSequential函数了?

最初我尝试使用Promise。但是这会导致所有的readFile调用并发发生,这不是我想要的:

var readFiles = function(files) {
  return Promise.all(files.map(function(file) {
    return readFile(file);
  }));
};

当前回答

(function() {
  function sleep(ms) {
    return new Promise(function(resolve) {
      setTimeout(function() {
        return resolve();
      }, ms);
    });
  }

  function serial(arr, index, results) {
    if (index == arr.length) {
      return Promise.resolve(results);
    }
    return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
      if (!index) {
        index = 0;
        results = [];
      }
      return arr[index]()
        .then(function(d) {
          return resolve(d);
        })
        .catch(function(err) {
          return reject(err);
        });
    })
      .then(function(result) {
        console.log("here");
        results.push(result);
        return serial(arr, index + 1, results);
      })
      .catch(function(err) {
        throw err;
      });
  }

  const a = [5000, 5000, 5000];

  serial(a.map(x => () => sleep(x)));
})();

这里的关键是如何调用sleep函数。你需要传递一个函数数组,它本身返回一个promise,而不是一个promise数组。

其他回答

要在ES6中简单地做到这一点:

function(files) {
  // Create a new empty promise (don't do that with real people ;)
  var sequence = Promise.resolve();

  // Loop over each file, and add on a promise to the
  // end of the 'sequence' promise.
  files.forEach(file => {

    // Chain one computation onto the sequence
    sequence = 
      sequence
        .then(() => performComputation(file))
        .then(result => doSomething(result)); 
        // Resolves for each file, one at a time.

  })

  // This will resolve after the entire chain is resolved
  return sequence;
}

首先,您需要了解承诺是在创建时执行的。 例如,如果你有一个代码:

["a","b","c"].map(x => returnsPromise(x))

您需要更改为:

["a","b","c"].map(x => () => returnsPromise(x))

然后,我们需要按顺序链接承诺:

["a", "b", "c"].map(x => () => returnsPromise(x))
    .reduce(
        (before, after) => before.then(_ => after()),
        Promise.resolve()
    )

执行after(),将确保只有在promise到期时才创建(并执行)promise。

我发现自己多次回到这个问题上,答案并没有给我我想要的,所以把这个放在这里给任何需要这个问题的人。

下面的代码执行顺序承诺执行(一个接一个),每一轮由多个调用组成:

async function sequence(list, cb) {
  const result = [];
  await list.reduce(async (promise, item) => promise
    .then(() => cb(item))
    .then((res) => result.push(res)
  ), Promise.resolve());
  return result;
}

展示:

<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/axios/0.15.3/axios.min.js"></script> <script src="https://unpkg.com/@babel/standalone@7/babel.min.js"></script> <script type="text/babel"> function sleep(ms) { return new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, ms)); } async function readFile(url, index) { console.log('Running index: ', index); // First action const firstTime = await axios.get(url); console.log('First API response: ', firstTime.data.activity); // Second action await sleep(1000); // Third action const secondTime = await axios.get(url); console.log('Second API response: ', secondTime.data.activity); // Fourth action await sleep(1000); return secondTime.data; } async function sequence(urls, fn) { const result = []; await urls.reduce(async (promise, url, index) => promise.then(() => fn(url, index)).then((res) => result.push(res)), Promise.resolve()); return result; } const urls = [ 'https://www.boredapi.com/api/activity', 'https://www.boredapi.com/api/activity', 'https://www.boredapi.com/api/activity', ]; (async function init() { const result = await sequence(urls, readFile); console.log('result', result); })() </script>

有一个npm包Promise Serial可以很好地做到这一点:

const Promise_serial = require('promise-serial');

 const promises =
    Array(15).fill()
    .map((_, i) =>
        () => new Promise(resolve => {
            console.log('promise '+i+' start');
            setTimeout(
                () => {
                    console.log('promise '+i+' end');
                    resolve('output-'+i);
                },
                500
            );
        })
    );


console.log('### Run promises in sequence')

Promise_serial(promises)

输出:

promise 0 start
promise 0 end
promise 1 start
promise 1 end
promise 2 start
promise 2 end
promise 3 start
promise 3 end
promise 4 start
promise 4 end
promise 5 start
promise 5 end
promise 6 start
promise 6 end
promise 7 start
promise 7 end

... etc

您还可以批处理或并行化它们。

参见:https://www.npmjs.com/package/promise-serial

您的方法还不错,但它确实有两个问题:它会吞下错误,并且使用显式承诺构造反模式。

你可以解决这两个问题,并使代码更干净,同时仍然采用相同的一般策略:

var Q = require("q");

var readFile = function(file) {
  ... // Returns a promise.
};

var readFiles = function(files) {
  var readSequential = function(index) {
    if (index < files.length) {
      return readFile(files[index]).then(function() {
        return readSequential(index + 1);
      });
    }
  };

  // using Promise.resolve() here in case files.length is 0
  return Promise.resolve(readSequential(0)); // Start!
};