在日常层面上有巨大的区别——Vim(或任何vi变体)本质上是模态的(你进入命令模式，但你不能编辑)，而Emacs(以及大多数其他编辑器)不是。

当然，使用菜单之类的东西，你不需要在Vim中实际进入命令模式——首先。但即使使用Vim的一小部分力量，你也会。这是Vim/Emacs争论的核心。

就我个人而言，我还认为Emacs的可扩展性要强得多。你可以找到很多东西的Elisp包。

不过，我很好奇，为什么您考虑学习其中一种而不是更传统的IDE。你为什么要学这个?

对我来说，emacs的优点是，

tramp模式允许您通过ssh编辑远程文件。就像本地文件一样。 Tramp-mode + dired =全功能SFTP客户端 支持您需要的所有语言。 内置的终端模拟器(术语模式)，所以我可以继续编码，而无需在应用程序之间切换。 可扩展性任何你不喜欢的东西都可以用lisp来改变。

首先，Vi(原始实现)今天不使用。你说的是一些Vim推导。

要扩展Vim功能，必须重新编译Vim, Emacs则不必。

Emacs在self中有Vim (viper模式)。

Emacs通常需要手动安装，Vim通常预安装在所有Unix之类的操作系统上(但如果你有ssh访问主机的tramp模式win Vim:)。

如果你尝试Vim，那么你讨厌Emacs，所以先从Emacs开始。

也请阅读http://www.dina.dk/~abraham/religion/vi-tutorial.html(链接下拉，所以使用这个)

hxxp中的答案搜索://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Editor_war

Emacs具有Viper模式，因此在某种意义上，它提供了一个超特性集(除了那些在使用Viper和Vimpulse的Emacs中缺少哪些Vim特性?)

vi(和VIM IIRC)的重量较轻(它可以就地编辑文件)，但提供的功能较少(子进程通信、扩展语言)。

Seems an answer has been selected already, but the big difference to me has always been the modal vs. non-modal. Vim is modal, which means that it makes optimizations based on a specific set of usage modes. At least that's how I've always looked at it. This makes using Vim a different experience because instead of having a work area that you type code in, you really are telling an environment to act on the text. This is why people say things like with Vim you really are learning a language. The :wq and :s/foo/bar is all part of a shell like environment that edits and reads text.

Emacs on the other hand is much closer to most editors/word processors/etc. you see today. You have a workspace that has a highly programmable interface. That is why you see things like email, irc, shells, etc. As a programmer it is easy to think in terms of saying "take the line number I'm on and do something with the information". The desire to leave the editor becomes less because instead of having to quit, open some other app/language and do things on some text, you have Emacs where you can do these things within the scope of your editor.

这两种观点并不一定是对立的，只是它们揭示了两个不同的焦点。就我个人而言，我使用Emacs，但我见过非常了解Vim的人，他们可以诚实地说，选择哪种并不重要。我首先尝试了Vim，但Emacs最终支持了我。的确，无论您选择什么，您都应该至少在一定程度上精通Vim，因为它总是可用的。

If you are looking for an objective analysis of both the editors, look at their origins and the philosophy behind their respective designs. Think, which one would suit you better and learn it (and learn it and learn it, because it takes time before you being to discover its true utility as against any IDE). An Introduction to Display Editing with Vi was written by Bill Joy and Mark Horton and he explains why he choose modal design and rationale for various key strokes ( it helps me to remember that CTRL-W +W (will switch to next Window and it will same for CTRL W+ CTRL W, just in case you held the CTRL key for a longer duration.

这里有一个Emacs时间轴的链接，并有对Multics Emacs论文的参考。这是一篇关于Emacs的RMS论文，我看到重点在可编程文本编辑器上(甚至早在1981年或更早的时候)。

我没有读过emacs的论文，但是读过Bill Joy的vi论文几次。 两者都是旧的，但你仍然会得到哲学，你可以选择使用当前的工具(vim 7。X还是emacs 25?)

编辑:我忘了说，阅读这两篇论文需要耐心和想象力，因为它会让你在阅读时回到过去。但这是值得的。