假设您在Java中有一个链表结构。它由节点组成:
class Node {
Node next;
// some user data
}
每个节点都指向下一个节点，除了最后一个节点，它的next为空。假设有一种可能性，列表可以包含一个循环-即最后的节点，而不是有一个空值，有一个引用到列表中它之前的一个节点。
最好的写作方式是什么
boolean hasLoop(Node first)
如果给定的节点是带有循环的列表的第一个，则返回true，否则返回false ?你怎么能写出一个常数的空间和合理的时间呢?
下面是一个带有循环的列表的图片:
当前回答
下面是检测循环的解决方案。
public boolean hasCycle(ListNode head) {
ListNode slow =head;
ListNode fast =head;
while(fast!=null && fast.next!=null){
slow = slow.next; // slow pointer only one hop
fast = fast.next.next; // fast pointer two hops
if(slow == fast) return true; // retrun true if fast meet slow pointer
}
return false; // return false if fast pointer stop at end
}
其他回答
func checkLoop(_ head: LinkedList) -> Bool {
var curr = head
var prev = head
while curr.next != nil, curr.next!.next != nil {
curr = (curr.next?.next)!
prev = prev.next!
if curr === prev {
return true
}
}
return false
}
您甚至可以在常数O(1)时间内完成(尽管它不是非常快或有效):计算机内存可以容纳的节点数量是有限的，比如N条记录。如果遍历超过N条记录，那么就有一个循环。
public boolean hasLoop(Node start){
TreeSet<Node> set = new TreeSet<Node>();
Node lookingAt = start;
while (lookingAt.peek() != null){
lookingAt = lookingAt.next;
if (set.contains(lookingAt){
return false;
} else {
set.put(lookingAt);
}
return true;
}
// Inside our Node class:
public Node peek(){
return this.next;
}
请原谅我的无知(我对Java和编程仍然相当陌生)，但为什么上面的方法不能工作呢?
I guess this doesn't solve the constant space issue... but it does at least get there in a reasonable time, correct? It will only take the space of the linked list plus the space of a set with n elements (where n is the number of elements in the linked list, or the number of elements until it reaches a loop). And for time, worst-case analysis, I think, would suggest O(nlog(n)). SortedSet look-ups for contains() are log(n) (check the javadoc, but I'm pretty sure TreeSet's underlying structure is TreeMap, whose in turn is a red-black tree), and in the worst case (no loops, or loop at very end), it will have to do n look-ups.
下面是检测循环的解决方案。
public boolean hasCycle(ListNode head) {
ListNode slow =head;
ListNode fast =head;
while(fast!=null && fast.next!=null){
slow = slow.next; // slow pointer only one hop
fast = fast.next.next; // fast pointer two hops
if(slow == fast) return true; // retrun true if fast meet slow pointer
}
return false; // return false if fast pointer stop at end
}
这种方法有空间开销，但实现更简单:
循环可以通过在Map中存储节点来标识。在放置节点之前;检查节点是否已经存在。如果节点已经存在于映射中，则意味着链表有循环。
public boolean loopDetector(Node<E> first) {
Node<E> t = first;
Map<Node<E>, Node<E>> map = new IdentityHashMap<Node<E>, Node<E>>();
while (t != null) {
if (map.containsKey(t)) {
System.out.println(" duplicate Node is --" + t
+ " having value :" + t.data);
return true;
} else {
map.put(t, t);
}
t = t.next;
}
return false;
}
