正如Bill Kotsias所指出的，保持点的typedef细节为私有并向前声明的唯一合理方法是继承。不过，使用c++ 11可以做得更好一些。考虑一下:

// LibraryPublicHeader.h

class Implementation;

class Library
{
...
private:
    Implementation* impl;
};

// LibraryPrivateImplementation.cpp

// This annoyingly does not work:
//
//     typedef std::shared_ptr<Foo> Implementation;

// However this does, and is almost as good.
class Implementation : public std::shared_ptr<Foo>
{
public:
    // C++11 allows us to easily copy all the constructors.
    using shared_ptr::shared_ptr;
};

在c++(而不是普通C)中，对一个类型定义两次是完全合法的，只要两个定义完全相同:

// foo.h
struct A{};
typedef A *PA;

// bar.h
struct A;  // forward declare A
typedef A *PA;
void func(PA x);

// baz.cc
#include "bar.h"
#include "foo.h"
// We've now included the definition for PA twice, but it's ok since they're the same
...
A x;
func(&x);

另一个解决方案是将forward声明和typedefs放在一个单独的头文件中，并包括:

// ForwardDeclarations.h
#pragma once
namespace Foo
{
    struct Bar;
    typedef Bar Baz;
}

// SomeFile.h
#include "ForwardDeclarations.h"
Foo::Baz baz;

当然，这实际上并没有减少要包含的文件数量，编译器仍然必须从磁盘读取这个文件，但至少内容比完整的定义更简单。您可以在同一个文件中添加更多的前向声明，并将其包含在相关位置。

正如Bill Kotsias所指出的，保持点的typedef细节为私有并向前声明的唯一合理方法是继承。不过，使用c++ 11可以做得更好一些。考虑一下:

// LibraryPublicHeader.h

class Implementation;

class Library
{
...
private:
    Implementation* impl;
};

// LibraryPrivateImplementation.cpp

// This annoyingly does not work:
//
//     typedef std::shared_ptr<Foo> Implementation;

// However this does, and is almost as good.
class Implementation : public std::shared_ptr<Foo>
{
public:
    // C++11 allows us to easily copy all the constructors.
    using shared_ptr::shared_ptr;
};

你可以使用正向类型定义。但是要做

typedef A B;

你必须先向前申报A:

class A;

typedef A B;

像@BillKotsias一样，我使用了继承，而且它对我很有效。

我改变了这个混乱(这需要所有的boost头在我的声明*.h)

#include <boost/accumulators/accumulators.hpp>
#include <boost/accumulators/statistics.hpp>
#include <boost/accumulators/statistics/stats.hpp>
#include <boost/accumulators/statistics/mean.hpp>
#include <boost/accumulators/statistics/moment.hpp>
#include <boost/accumulators/statistics/min.hpp>
#include <boost/accumulators/statistics/max.hpp>

typedef boost::accumulators::accumulator_set<float,
 boost::accumulators::features<
  boost::accumulators::tag::median,
  boost::accumulators::tag::mean,
  boost::accumulators::tag::min,
  boost::accumulators::tag::max
 >> VanillaAccumulator_t ;
std::unique_ptr<VanillaAccumulator_t> acc;

在这个声明中(*.h)

class VanillaAccumulator;
std::unique_ptr<VanillaAccumulator> acc;

实现(*.cpp)是

#include <boost/accumulators/accumulators.hpp>
#include <boost/accumulators/statistics.hpp>
#include <boost/accumulators/statistics/stats.hpp>
#include <boost/accumulators/statistics/mean.hpp>
#include <boost/accumulators/statistics/moment.hpp>
#include <boost/accumulators/statistics/min.hpp>
#include <boost/accumulators/statistics/max.hpp>

class VanillaAccumulator : public
  boost::accumulators::accumulator_set<float,
    boost::accumulators::features<
      boost::accumulators::tag::median,
      boost::accumulators::tag::mean,
      boost::accumulators::tag::min,
      boost::accumulators::tag::max
>>
{
};