正如Bill Kotsias所指出的，保持点的typedef细节为私有并向前声明的唯一合理方法是继承。不过，使用c++ 11可以做得更好一些。考虑一下:

// LibraryPublicHeader.h

class Implementation;

class Library
{
...
private:
    Implementation* impl;
};

// LibraryPrivateImplementation.cpp

// This annoyingly does not work:
//
//     typedef std::shared_ptr<Foo> Implementation;

// However this does, and is almost as good.
class Implementation : public std::shared_ptr<Foo>
{
public:
    // C++11 allows us to easily copy all the constructors.
    using shared_ptr::shared_ptr;
};

在c++(而不是普通C)中，对一个类型定义两次是完全合法的，只要两个定义完全相同:

// foo.h
struct A{};
typedef A *PA;

// bar.h
struct A;  // forward declare A
typedef A *PA;
void func(PA x);

// baz.cc
#include "bar.h"
#include "foo.h"
// We've now included the definition for PA twice, but it's ok since they're the same
...
A x;
func(&x);

正如Bill Kotsias所指出的，保持点的typedef细节为私有并向前声明的唯一合理方法是继承。不过，使用c++ 11可以做得更好一些。考虑一下:

// LibraryPublicHeader.h

class Implementation;

class Library
{
...
private:
    Implementation* impl;
};

// LibraryPrivateImplementation.cpp

// This annoyingly does not work:
//
//     typedef std::shared_ptr<Foo> Implementation;

// However this does, and is almost as good.
class Implementation : public std::shared_ptr<Foo>
{
public:
    // C++11 allows us to easily copy all the constructors.
    using shared_ptr::shared_ptr;
};

对于那些像我一样，希望在一些c++代码中前向声明使用typedef定义的c风格结构体的人，我已经找到了一个解决方案，如下所示…

// a.h
 typedef struct _bah {
    int a;
    int b;
 } bah;

// b.h
 struct _bah;
 typedef _bah bah;

 class foo {
   foo(bah * b);
   foo(bah b);
   bah * mBah;
 };

// b.cpp
 #include "b.h"
 #include "a.h"

 foo::foo(bah * b) {
   mBah = b;
 }

 foo::foo(bah b) {
   mBah = &b;
 }

你可以使用正向类型定义。但是要做

typedef A B;

你必须先向前申报A:

class A;

typedef A B;

我用继承和构造函数继承(?)替换了typedef(用来指定)。

原始

using CallStack = std::array<StackFrame, MAX_CALLSTACK_DEPTH>;

取代

struct CallStack // Not a typedef to allow forward declaration.
  : public std::array<StackFrame, MAX_CALLSTACK_DEPTH>
{
  typedef std::array<StackFrame, MAX_CALLSTACK_DEPTH> Base;
  using Base::Base;
};

通过这种方式，我可以向前声明CallStack:

class CallStack;