Note that "number of cores" might not be a particularly useful number, you might have to qualify it a bit more. How do you want to count multi-threaded CPUs such as Intel HT, IBM Power5 and Power6, and most famously, Sun's Niagara/UltraSparc T1 and T2? Or even more interesting, the MIPS 1004k with its two levels of hardware threading (supervisor AND user-level)... Not to mention what happens when you move into hypervisor-supported systems where the hardware might have tens of CPUs but your particular OS only sees a few.

最好的情况是告诉您在本地OS分区中拥有的逻辑处理单元的数量。除非您是管理程序，否则不要考虑看到真正的机器。今天这个规则唯一的例外是在x86领域，但非虚拟机的末日很快就会到来……

这个功能是c++ 11标准的一部分。

#include <thread>

unsigned int nthreads = std::thread::hardware_concurrency();

对于较老的编译器，可以使用Boost。线程库。

#include <boost/thread.hpp>

unsigned int nthreads = boost::thread::hardware_concurrency();

在任何一种情况下，hardware_concurrency()都会根据CPU内核和超线程单元的数量返回硬件能够并发执行的线程数。

您可能无法以独立于平台的方式获得它。Windows有处理器的数量。

Win32系统信息

OpenMP在许多平台(包括Visual Studio 2005)上都得到了支持，并且它提供了一种支持

int omp_get_num_procs();

函数返回调用时可用的处理器/核数。

在Linux上，使用_SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN可能是不安全的，因为它不是POSIX标准的一部分，sysconf手册也有同样的说明。所以有可能_SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN不存在:

 These values also exist, but may not be standard.

     [...]     

     - _SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF
              The number of processors configured.   
     - _SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN
              The number of processors currently online (available).

一个简单的方法是读取/proc/stat或/proc/cpuinfo并计算它们:

#include<unistd.h>
#include<stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
char str[256];
int procCount = -1; // to offset for the first entry
FILE *fp;

if( (fp = fopen("/proc/stat", "r")) )
{
  while(fgets(str, sizeof str, fp))
  if( !memcmp(str, "cpu", 3) ) procCount++;
}

if ( procCount == -1) 
{ 
printf("Unable to get proc count. Defaulting to 2");
procCount=2;
}

printf("Proc Count:%d\n", procCount);
return 0;
}

使用 /proc/cpuinfo：

#include<unistd.h>
#include<stdio.h>

int main(void)
{
char str[256];
int procCount = 0;
FILE *fp;

if( (fp = fopen("/proc/cpuinfo", "r")) )
{
  while(fgets(str, sizeof str, fp))
  if( !memcmp(str, "processor", 9) ) procCount++;
}

if ( !procCount ) 
{ 
printf("Unable to get proc count. Defaulting to 2");
procCount=2;
}

printf("Proc Count:%d\n", procCount);
return 0;
}

同样的方法在shell中使用grep:

grep -c ^processor /proc/cpuinfo

Or

grep -c ^cpu /proc/stat # subtract 1 from the result

Note that "number of cores" might not be a particularly useful number, you might have to qualify it a bit more. How do you want to count multi-threaded CPUs such as Intel HT, IBM Power5 and Power6, and most famously, Sun's Niagara/UltraSparc T1 and T2? Or even more interesting, the MIPS 1004k with its two levels of hardware threading (supervisor AND user-level)... Not to mention what happens when you move into hypervisor-supported systems where the hardware might have tens of CPUs but your particular OS only sees a few.

最好的情况是告诉您在本地OS分区中拥有的逻辑处理单元的数量。除非您是管理程序，否则不要考虑看到真正的机器。今天这个规则唯一的例外是在x86领域，但非虚拟机的末日很快就会到来……