Note that "number of cores" might not be a particularly useful number, you might have to qualify it a bit more. How do you want to count multi-threaded CPUs such as Intel HT, IBM Power5 and Power6, and most famously, Sun's Niagara/UltraSparc T1 and T2? Or even more interesting, the MIPS 1004k with its two levels of hardware threading (supervisor AND user-level)... Not to mention what happens when you move into hypervisor-supported systems where the hardware might have tens of CPUs but your particular OS only sees a few.

最好的情况是告诉您在本地OS分区中拥有的逻辑处理单元的数量。除非您是管理程序，否则不要考虑看到真正的机器。今天这个规则唯一的例外是在x86领域，但非虚拟机的末日很快就会到来……

与c++无关，但在Linux上我通常这样做:

grep processor /proc/cpuinfo | wc -l

适用于bash/perl/python/ruby等脚本语言。

关于OS X的更多信息:sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN)仅在>= 10.5版本可用，而不是10.4版本。

另一种方法是HW_AVAILCPU/sysctl() BSD代码，在>= 10.2版本中可用。

Windows (x64和Win32)和c++ 11

共享单个处理器核心的逻辑处理器组的数目。(使用GetLogicalProcessorInformationEx，参见GetLogicalProcessorInformation)

size_t NumberOfPhysicalCores() noexcept {

    DWORD length = 0;
    const BOOL result_first = GetLogicalProcessorInformationEx(RelationProcessorCore, nullptr, &length);
    assert(GetLastError() == ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER);

    std::unique_ptr< uint8_t[] > buffer(new uint8_t[length]);
    const PSYSTEM_LOGICAL_PROCESSOR_INFORMATION_EX info = 
            reinterpret_cast< PSYSTEM_LOGICAL_PROCESSOR_INFORMATION_EX >(buffer.get());

    const BOOL result_second = GetLogicalProcessorInformationEx(RelationProcessorCore, info, &length);
    assert(result_second != FALSE);

    size_t nb_physical_cores = 0;
    size_t offset = 0;
    do {
        const PSYSTEM_LOGICAL_PROCESSOR_INFORMATION_EX current_info =
            reinterpret_cast< PSYSTEM_LOGICAL_PROCESSOR_INFORMATION_EX >(buffer.get() + offset);
        offset += current_info->Size;
        ++nb_physical_cores;
    } while (offset < length);
        
    return nb_physical_cores;
}

注意，NumberOfPhysicalCores的实现在我看来远非简单(例如:"使用GetLogicalProcessorInformation或GetLogicalProcessorInformationEx")。相反，如果阅读MSDN的文档(显式地为GetLogicalProcessorInformation提供，隐式地为GetLogicalProcessorInformationEx提供)，就会发现这是相当微妙的。

逻辑处理器的数量。(使用GetSystemInfo)

size_t NumberOfSystemCores() noexcept {
    SYSTEM_INFO system_info;
    ZeroMemory(&system_info, sizeof(system_info));
    
    GetSystemInfo(&system_info);
    
    return static_cast< size_t >(system_info.dwNumberOfProcessors);
}

注意，这两种方法都可以很容易地转换为C/ c++ 98/ c++ 03。

OpenMP在许多平台(包括Visual Studio 2005)上都得到了支持，并且它提供了一种支持

int omp_get_num_procs();

函数返回调用时可用的处理器/核数。

在Linux上，可以读取/proc/cpuinfo文件并计算核数。