We used mainly Criteria in our application in the beginning but after it was replaced with HQL due to the performance issues. Mainly we are using very complex queries with several joins which leads to multiple queries in Criteria but is very optimized in HQL. The case is that we use just several propeties on specific object and not complete objects. With Criteria the problem was also string concatenation. Let say if you need to display name and surname of the user in HQL it is quite easy (name || ' ' || surname) but in Crteria this is not possible. To overcome this we used ResultTransormers, where there were methods where such concatenation was implemented for needed result. Today we mainly use HQL like this:

String hql = "select " +
            "c.uuid as uuid," +
            "c.name as name," +
            "c.objective as objective," +
            "c.startDate as startDate," +
            "c.endDate as endDate," +
            "c.description as description," +
            "s.status as status," +
            "t.type as type " +
            "from " + Campaign.class.getName() + " c " +
            "left join c.type t " +
            "left join c.status s";

Query query =  hibernateTemplate.getSessionFactory().getCurrentSession().getSession(EntityMode.MAP).createQuery(hql);
query.setResultTransformer(Transformers.ALIAS_TO_ENTITY_MAP);
return query.list();

因此，在本例中，返回的记录是所需属性的映射。

对于动态查询，我更喜欢使用条件查询。例如，根据某些参数，动态地添加一些排序或保留一些部分(例如限制)要容易得多。

另一方面，我使用HQL进行静态和复杂的查询，因为它更容易理解/阅读HQL。此外，我认为HQL更强大一些，例如对于不同的连接类型。

当我不知道哪些输入将用于哪些数据时，我通常使用Criteria。就像在一个搜索表单上，用户可以输入1到50个项目中的任何一个，我不知道他们会搜索什么。在检查用户正在搜索的内容时，很容易将更多内容添加到条件中。我认为在这种情况下放置HQL查询会更麻烦一些。当我确切地知道我想要什么时，HQL是很棒的。

Criteria是一个面向对象的API，而HQL意味着字符串连接。这意味着面向对象的所有好处都适用:

All else being equal, the OO version is somewhat less prone to error. Any old string could get appended into the HQL query, whereas only valid Criteria objects can make it into a Criteria tree. Effectively, the Criteria classes are more constrained. With auto-complete, the OO is more discoverable (and thus easier to use, for me at least). You don't necessarily need to remember which parts of the query go where; the IDE can help you You also don't need to remember the particulars of the syntax (like which symbols go where). All you need to know is how to call methods and create objects.

由于HQL非常像SQL(大多数开发人员已经非常了解SQL)，因此这些“不必记住”参数就没有那么重要了。如果HQL有更大的不同，那么这就更重要了。

Criteria Api是Hibernate的一个很好的概念。根据我的观点，这些是我们可以区分HQL和Criteria Api的少数点

HQL is to perform both select and non-select operations on the data, but Criteria is only for selecting the data, we cannot perform non-select operations using criteria. HQL is suitable for executing Static Queries, where as Criteria is suitable for executing Dynamic Queries HQL doesn’t support pagination concept, but we can achieve pagination with Criteria. Criteria used to take more time to execute than HQL. With Criteria we are safe with SQL Injection because of its dynamic query generation but in HQL as your queries are either fixed or parametrized, there is no safe from SQL Injection

还有另一种方法。我最终创建了一个基于hibernate原始语法的HQL解析器，这样它就可以首先解析HQL，然后动态地注入动态参数或自动为HQL查询添加一些通用过滤器。效果很好!