我是这样做的，对我很管用

简单的界面

FragmentOnBackClickInterface.java

public interface FragmentOnBackClickInterface {
    void onClick();
}

示例实现

MyFragment.java

public class MyFragment extends Fragment implements FragmentOnBackClickInterface {

// other stuff

public void onClick() {
       // what you want to call onBackPressed?
}

然后在activity中重写onBackPressed

    @Override
public void onBackPressed() {
    int count = getSupportFragmentManager().getBackStackEntryCount();
    List<Fragment> frags = getSupportFragmentManager().getFragments();
    Fragment lastFrag = getLastNotNull(frags);
    //nothing else in back stack || nothing in back stack is instance of our interface
    if (count == 0 || !(lastFrag instanceof FragmentOnBackClickInterface)) {
        super.onBackPressed();
    } else {
        ((FragmentOnBackClickInterface) lastFrag).onClick();
    }
}

private Fragment getLastNotNull(List<Fragment> list){
    for (int i= list.size()-1;i>=0;i--){
        Fragment frag = list.get(i);
        if (frag != null){
            return frag;
        }
    }
    return null;
}

使用导航组件，你可以这样做:

Java

public class MyFragment extends Fragment {

@Override
public void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

    // This callback will only be called when MyFragment is at least Started.
    OnBackPressedCallback callback = new OnBackPressedCallback(true /* enabled by default */) {
        @Override
        public void handleOnBackPressed() {
            // Handle the back button event
        }
    });
    requireActivity().getOnBackPressedDispatcher().addCallback(this, callback);

    // The callback can be enabled or disabled here or in handleOnBackPressed()
}
...
}

科特林

class MyFragment : Fragment() {

override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)

    // This callback will only be called when MyFragment is at least Started.
    val callback = requireActivity().onBackPressedDispatcher.addCallback(this) {
        // Handle the back button event
    }

    // The callback can be enabled or disabled here or in the lambda
}
...
}

在我的解决方案(Kotlin);

我使用onBackAlternative函数作为BaseActivity的参数。

BaseActivity

abstract class BaseActivity {

    var onBackPressAlternative: (() -> Unit)? = null

    override fun onBackPressed() {
        if (onBackPressAlternative != null) {
            onBackPressAlternative!!()
        } else {
            super.onBackPressed()
        }
    }
}

我有一个函数在BaseFragment上设置onBackPressAlternative。

碱基片段

abstract class BaseFragment {

     override fun onStart() {
        super.onStart()
        ...
        setOnBackPressed(null) // Add this
     }

      //Method must be declared as open, for overriding in child class
     open fun setOnBackPressed(onBackAlternative: (() -> Unit)?) {
         (activity as BaseActivity<*, *>).onBackPressAlternative = onBackAlternative
     }
}

然后我的onBackPressAlternative就可以用于片段了。

子片段

override fun setOnBackPressed(onBackAlternative: (() -> Unit)?) {
    (activity as BaseActivity<*, *>).onBackPressAlternative = {
        // TODO Your own custom onback function 
    }
}

片段: 创建一个BaseFragment，放置一个方法:

 public boolean onBackPressed();

活动:

@Override
public void onBackPressed() {
    List<Fragment> fragments = getSupportFragmentManager().getFragments();
    if (fragments != null) {
        for (Fragment fragment : fragments) {
            if (!fragment.isVisible()) continue;

            if (fragment instanceof BaseFragment && ((BaseFragment) fragment).onBackPressed()) {
                return;
            }
        }
    }

    super.onBackPressed();
}

你的活动将在附加的和可见的片段上运行，并对它们中的每一个调用onBackPressed()，如果其中一个返回'true'(意味着它已经被处理，所以没有进一步的操作)，则中止。

你可以像这样使用父活动的onBackPressedDispatcher:

val backpress = requireActivity().onBackPressedDispatcher.addCallback(viewLifecycleOwner, true) {
            // here dispatcher works for any action when back pressed
}

你也可以从fragment中启用/禁用backpress按钮，如下所示:

backpress.isEnabled = true/false

在活动生命周期中，当我们使用FragmentActivity或AppCompatActivity时，总是android返回按钮处理FragmentManager事务。要处理backstack，我们不需要处理它的backstack计数或标记任何东西，但我们应该在添加或替换片段时保持专注。请找到以下片段来处理后退按钮的情况，

    public void replaceFragment(Fragment fragment) {

        FragmentTransaction transaction = getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction();
        if (!(fragment instanceof HomeFragment)) {
            transaction.addToBackStack(null);
        }
        transaction.replace(R.id.activity_menu_fragment_container, fragment).commit();
    }

在这里，我不会为我的主页片段添加回堆栈，因为它是我应用程序的主页。如果将addToBackStack添加到HomeFragment，那么应用程序将等待删除活动中的所有片段，然后我们将得到空白屏幕，所以我保持以下条件，

if (!(fragment instanceof HomeFragment)) {
            transaction.addToBackStack(null);
}

现在，你可以看到之前添加的片段在活动和应用程序将退出时，到达HomeFragment。您还可以查看以下片段。

@Override
public void onBackPressed() {

    if (mDrawerLayout.isDrawerOpen(Gravity.LEFT)) {
        closeDrawer();
    } else {
        super.onBackPressed();
    }
}