当通过引用传递时，基本上是传递一个指向变量的指针。通过值传递，即传递变量的副本。

在基本用法中，这通常意味着通过引用传递，对变量的更改将在调用方法中看到，而在通过值传递时则不会。

A major difference between them is that value-type variables store values, so specifying a value-type variable in a method call passes a copy of that variable's value to the method. Reference-type variables store references to objects, so specifying a reference-type variable as an argument passes the method a copy of the actual reference that refers to the object. Even though the reference itself is passed by value, the method can still use the reference it receives to interact with—and possibly modify—the original object. Similarly, when returning information from a method via a return statement, the method returns a copy of the value stored in a value-type variable or a copy of the reference stored in a reference-type variable. When a reference is returned, the calling method can use that reference to interact with the referenced object. So, in effect, objects are always passed by reference.

In c#, to pass a variable by reference so the called method can modify the variable's, C# provides keywords ref and out. Applying the ref keyword to a parameter declaration allows you to pass a variable to a method by reference—the called method will be able to modify the original variable in the caller. The ref keyword is used for variables that already have been initialized in the calling method. Normally, when a method call contains an uninitialized variable as an argument, the compiler generates an error. Preceding a parameter with keyword out creates an output parameter. This indicates to the compiler that the argument will be passed into the called method by reference and that the called method will assign a value to the original variable in the caller. If the method does not assign a value to the output parameter in every possible path of execution, the compiler generates an error. This also prevents the compiler from generating an error message for an uninitialized variable that is passed as an argument to a method. A method can return only one value to its caller via a return statement, but can return many values by specifying multiple output (ref and/or out) parameters.

请参阅c#讨论和示例链接文本

简而言之，通过值传递的是它是什么，通过引用传递的是它在哪里。

如果你的值是VAR1 = "Happy Guy!"，你只会看到"Happy Guy!"如果VAR1变成了“Happy Gal!”，你就不会知道了。如果它是通过引用传递的，并且VAR1发生了变化，那么您就会这样做。

最简单的方法是在Excel文件中获取。举个例子，有两个数字，5和2分别在A1和B1单元格中，你想在第三个单元格中求出它们的和，假设是A2。

有两种方法可以做到这一点。

通过在单元格中输入= 5 + 2将它们的值传递给单元格A2。在这种情况下，如果单元格A1或B1的值发生变化，则A2中的总和保持不变。 或者通过输入= A1 + B1将单元格A1和B1的“引用”传递给单元格A2。在这种情况下，如果单元格A1或B1的值发生变化，A2中的总和也会发生变化。

看看这张照片:

在第一种情况下(通过引用传递)，当变量在函数内部设置或更改时，外部变量也会更改。

但在第二种情况下(按值传递)，改变函数内部的变量不会对外部变量产生任何影响。

要阅读这篇文章，请参见这个链接。

“按值传递”将发送存储在指定变量中的数据的副本，“按引用传递”将发送到变量本身的直接链接。

因此，如果你通过引用传递一个变量，然后改变你传递给它的块中的变量，原始变量将被改变。如果只是按值传递，原始变量将不能被传递到的块所改变，但您将获得调用时它所包含的任何内容的副本。