像函数式程序员一样思考:)

要根据元素是否已经出现来筛选列表，需要索引。可以使用enumeration获取索引，并使用map返回值列表。

let unique = myArray
    .enumerated()
    .filter{ myArray.firstIndex(of: $0.1) == $0.0 }
    .map{ $0.1 }

这保证了秩序。如果你不介意顺序，那么Array(Set(myArray))的现有答案更简单，可能更有效。

更新:一些关于效率和正确性的注意事项

一些人对效率进行了评论。我肯定是先写正确而简单的代码，然后再找出瓶颈，尽管我知道这是否比Array(Set(Array))更清楚是有争议的。

这个方法比Array(Set(Array))慢很多。正如评论中所指出的，它确实保持了顺序，并对非Hashable的元素起作用。

然而，@Alain T的方法也保持了秩序，也快得多。所以除非你的元素类型是不可哈希的，或者你只是需要一个快速的一行，那么我建议采用他们的解决方案。

以下是MacBook Pro(2014)在Xcode 11.3.1 (Swift 5.1)发布模式下的一些测试。

profiler函数和两个比较方法:

func printTimeElapsed(title:String, operation:()->()) {
    var totalTime = 0.0
    for _ in (0..<1000) {
        let startTime = CFAbsoluteTimeGetCurrent()
        operation()
        let timeElapsed = CFAbsoluteTimeGetCurrent() - startTime
        totalTime += timeElapsed
    }
    let meanTime = totalTime / 1000
    print("Mean time for \(title): \(meanTime) s")
}

func method1<T: Hashable>(_ array: Array<T>) -> Array<T> {
    return Array(Set(array))
}

func method2<T: Equatable>(_ array: Array<T>) -> Array<T>{
    return array
    .enumerated()
    .filter{ array.firstIndex(of: $0.1) == $0.0 }
    .map{ $0.1 }
}

// Alain T.'s answer (adapted)
func method3<T: Hashable>(_ array: Array<T>) -> Array<T> {
    var uniqueKeys = Set<T>()
    return array.filter{uniqueKeys.insert($0).inserted}
}

以及少量的测试输入:

func randomString(_ length: Int) -> String {
  let letters = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789"
  return String((0..<length).map{ _ in letters.randomElement()! })
}

let shortIntList = (0..<100).map{_ in Int.random(in: 0..<100) }
let longIntList = (0..<10000).map{_ in Int.random(in: 0..<10000) }
let longIntListManyRepetitions = (0..<10000).map{_ in Int.random(in: 0..<100) }
let longStringList = (0..<10000).map{_ in randomString(1000)}
let longMegaStringList = (0..<10000).map{_ in randomString(10000)}

给出输出:

Mean time for method1 on shortIntList: 2.7358531951904296e-06 s
Mean time for method2 on shortIntList: 4.910230636596679e-06 s
Mean time for method3 on shortIntList: 6.417632102966309e-06 s
Mean time for method1 on longIntList: 0.0002518167495727539 s
Mean time for method2 on longIntList: 0.021718120217323302 s
Mean time for method3 on longIntList: 0.0005312927961349487 s
Mean time for method1 on longIntListManyRepetitions: 0.00014377200603485108 s
Mean time for method2 on longIntListManyRepetitions: 0.0007293639183044434 s
Mean time for method3 on longIntListManyRepetitions: 0.0001843773126602173 s
Mean time for method1 on longStringList: 0.007168249964714051 s
Mean time for method2 on longStringList: 0.9114790915250778 s
Mean time for method3 on longStringList: 0.015888616919517515 s
Mean time for method1 on longMegaStringList: 0.0525397013425827 s
Mean time for method2 on longMegaStringList: 1.111266262292862 s
Mean time for method3 on longMegaStringList: 0.11214958941936493 s

斯威夫特4

public extension Array where Element: Hashable {
    func uniqued() -> [Element] {
        var seen = Set<Element>()
        return filter{ seen.insert($0).inserted }
    }
}

每次尝试插入也将返回一个元组:(插入:Bool, memberAfterInsert: Set.Element)。见文档。

使用返回值意味着我们可以避免进行多个循环，因此这是O(n)。

现在不需要写扩展了。

Apple终于在其算法包中引入了unique()方法，可以在符合Sequence协议的任何类型上使用。

import Algorithms

let numbers = [1, 2, 3, 3, 2, 3, 3, 2, 2, 2, 1]
print(numbers.uniqued()) // prints [1, 2, 3]

更多信息https://github.com/apple/swift-algorithms/blob/main/Guides/Unique.md

你可以自己卷，比如这样:

func unique<S : Sequence, T : Hashable>(source: S) -> [T] where S.Iterator.Element == T {
    var buffer = [T]()
    var added = Set<T>()
    for elem in source {
        if !added.contains(elem) {
            buffer.append(elem)
            added.insert(elem)
        }
    }
    return buffer
}

let vals = [1, 4, 2, 2, 6, 24, 15, 2, 60, 15, 6]
let uniqueVals = uniq(vals) // [1, 4, 2, 6, 24, 15, 60]

作为Array的扩展:

extension Array where Element: Hashable {
    func uniqued() -> Array {
        var buffer = Array()
        var added = Set<Element>()
        for elem in self {
            if !added.contains(elem) {
                buffer.append(elem)
                added.insert(elem)
            }
        }
        return buffer
    }
}

或者更优雅一点(Swift 4/5):

extension Sequence where Element: Hashable {
    func uniqued() -> [Element] {
        var set = Set<Element>()
        return filter { set.insert($0).inserted }
    }
}

将被使用:

[1,2,4,2,1].uniqued()  // => [1,2,4]

在Swift 5中

 var array: [String] =  ["Aman", "Sumit", "Aman", "Sumit", "Mohan", "Mohan", "Amit"]

 let uniq = Array(Set(array))
 print(uniq)

输出将是

 ["Sumit", "Mohan", "Amit", "Aman"]

包含相等性检查，而插入检查哈希，最安全的检查方式如下:

extension Array where Element: Hashable {

    /// Big O(N) version. Updated since @Adrian's comment. 
    var uniques: Array {
        // Go front to back, add element to buffer if it isn't a repeat.
         var buffer: [Element] = []
         var dictionary: [Element: Int] = [:]
         for element in self where dictionary[element] == nil {
             buffer.append(element)
             dictionary[element] = 1
         }
         return buffer
    }
}