我可能有一个像下面这样的数组:
[1, 4, 2, 2, 6, 24, 15, 2, 60, 15, 6]
或者,实际上,任何类似类型的数据部分的序列。我要做的是确保每个相同的元素只有一个。例如,上面的数组将变成:
[1, 4, 2, 6, 24, 15, 60]
请注意,删除了2、6和15的重复项,以确保每个相同的元素中只有一个。Swift是否提供了一种容易做到这一点的方法,还是我必须自己做?
我可能有一个像下面这样的数组:
[1, 4, 2, 2, 6, 24, 15, 2, 60, 15, 6]
或者,实际上,任何类似类型的数据部分的序列。我要做的是确保每个相同的元素只有一个。例如,上面的数组将变成:
[1, 4, 2, 6, 24, 15, 60]
请注意,删除了2、6和15的重复项,以确保每个相同的元素中只有一个。Swift是否提供了一种容易做到这一点的方法,还是我必须自己做?
当前回答
Swift 3/ Swift 4/ Swift 5
只需要一行代码就可以省略数组副本而不影响顺序:
let filteredArr = Array(NSOrderedSet(array: yourArray))
其他回答
斯威夫特5.7
使用有序集
您可以将具有重复元素的数组传递给以下通用函数,该函数处理有序Set并返回没有重复元素的新数组。
import Foundation
internal func withoutDuplicates<T>(_ array: [T]) -> [T] {
let orderedSet: NSMutableOrderedSet = []
var modifiedArray = [T]()
orderedSet.addObjects(from: array)
for i in 0...(orderedSet.count - 1) {
modifiedArray.append(orderedSet[i] as! T)
}
return modifiedArray
}
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
let arrayOfStrings: [String] = ["A","A","A","B","B","C","C"]
let arrayOfIntegers: [UInt8] = [1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3]
let arrayOfBooleans: [Bool] = [true, false, false, true]
let ordered_01 = withoutDuplicates(arrayOfStrings)
let ordered_02 = withoutDuplicates(arrayOfIntegers)
let ordered_03 = withoutDuplicates(arrayOfBooleans)
结果:
// ordered_01 –––> ["A","B","C"]
// ordered_02 –––> [1, 2, 3]
// ordered_03 –––> [true, false]
使用无序集
如果新数组中元素的顺序对您来说并不重要,则在处理时使用无序集。无序集中的元素类型必须符合哈希协议。
import UIKit
fileprivate func noDuplicates<T: Hashable>(_ array: [T]) -> [T] {
var unorderedSet = Set<T>()
var modifiedArray: [T] = []
for i in 0...(array.count - 1) {
unorderedSet.insert(array[i])
}
for i in unorderedSet.indices {
modifiedArray.append(unorderedSet[i])
}
return modifiedArray
}
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
let arrayOfInts: [Int] = [10, 5, 7, 200, -500, 10, 7, 5]
let arrayOfStrs: [String] = ["A","A","A","B","B","C","C"]
let arrayOfBools: [Bool] = [true, false, false, true]
let unordered_01 = noDuplicates(arrayOfInts)
let unordered_02 = noDuplicates(arrayOfStrs)
let unordered_03 = noDuplicates(arrayOfBools)
结果:
// unordered_01 –––> [200, 7, 10, -500, 5]
// unordered_02 –––> ["B", "C", "A"]
// unordered_03 –––> [false, true]
我创建了一个时间复杂度为o(n)的高阶函数。另外,像map这样的功能可以返回您想要的任何类型。
extension Sequence {
func distinct<T,U>(_ provider: (Element) -> (U, T)) -> [T] where U: Hashable {
var uniqueKeys = Set<U>()
var distintValues = [T]()
for object in self {
let transformed = provider(object)
if !uniqueKeys.contains(transformed.0) {
distintValues.append(transformed.1)
uniqueKeys.insert(transformed.0)
}
}
return distintValues
}
}
下面是SequenceType上的一个类别,它保留了数组的原始顺序,但使用Set来进行contains查找,以避免数组的contains(_:)方法上的O(n)代价。
public extension Sequence where Element: Hashable {
/// Return the sequence with all duplicates removed.
///
/// i.e. `[ 1, 2, 3, 1, 2 ].uniqued() == [ 1, 2, 3 ]`
///
/// - note: Taken from stackoverflow.com/a/46354989/3141234, as
/// per @Alexander's comment.
func uniqued() -> [Element] {
var seen = Set<Element>()
return self.filter { seen.insert($0).inserted }
}
}
如果你不是Hashable或Equatable,你可以传入一个谓词来进行相等性检查:
extension Sequence {
/// Return the sequence with all duplicates removed.
///
/// Duplicate, in this case, is defined as returning `true` from `comparator`.
///
/// - note: Taken from stackoverflow.com/a/46354989/3141234
func uniqued(comparator: @escaping (Element, Element) throws -> Bool) rethrows -> [Element] {
var buffer: [Element] = []
for element in self {
// If element is already in buffer, skip to the next element
if try buffer.contains(where: { try comparator(element, $0) }) {
continue
}
buffer.append(element)
}
return buffer
}
}
现在,如果你没有Hashable,但是是Equatable,你可以使用这个方法:
extension Sequence where Element: Equatable {
/// Return the sequence with all duplicates removed.
///
/// i.e. `[ 1, 2, 3, 1, 2 ].uniqued() == [ 1, 2, 3 ]`
///
/// - note: Taken from stackoverflow.com/a/46354989/3141234
func uniqued() -> [Element] {
return self.uniqued(comparator: ==)
}
}
最后,你可以添加一个unique的关键路径版本,如下所示:
extension Sequence {
/// Returns the sequence with duplicate elements removed, performing the comparison using the property at
/// the supplied keypath.
///
/// i.e.
///
/// ```
/// [
/// MyStruct(value: "Hello"),
/// MyStruct(value: "Hello"),
/// MyStruct(value: "World")
/// ].uniqued(\.value)
/// ```
/// would result in
///
/// ```
/// [
/// MyStruct(value: "Hello"),
/// MyStruct(value: "World")
/// ]
/// ```
///
/// - note: Taken from stackoverflow.com/a/46354989/3141234
///
func uniqued<T: Equatable>(_ keyPath: KeyPath<Element, T>) -> [Element] {
self.uniqued { $0[keyPath: keyPath] == $1[keyPath: keyPath] }
}
}
你可以把这两个都放在你的应用程序中,Swift会根据你的序列的迭代器选择正确的一个。元素类型。
对于El Capitan,您可以扩展此方法以包括多个键盘,如下所示:
/// Returns the sequence with duplicate elements removed, performing the comparison using the property at
/// the supplied keypaths.
///
/// i.e.
///
/// ```
/// [
/// MyStruct(value1: "Hello", value2: "Paula"),
/// MyStruct(value1: "Hello", value2: "Paula"),
/// MyStruct(value1: "Hello", value2: "Bean"),
/// MyStruct(value1: "World", value2: "Sigh")
/// ].uniqued(\.value1, \.value2)
/// ```
/// would result in
///
/// ```
/// [
/// MyStruct(value1: "Hello", value2: "Paula"),
/// MyStruct(value1: "Hello", value2: "Bean"),
/// MyStruct(value1: "World", value2: "Sigh")
/// ]
/// ```
///
/// - note: Taken from stackoverflow.com/a/46354989/3141234
///
func uniqued<T: Equatable, U: Equatable>(_ keyPath1: KeyPath<Element, T>, _ keyPath2: KeyPath<Element, U>) -> [Element] {
self.uniqued {
$0[keyPath: keyPath1] == $1[keyPath: keyPath1] && $0[keyPath: keyPath2] == $1[keyPath: keyPath2]
}
}
但是(恕我直言)你最好把你自己的block传递给self.unique。
我使用了@Jean-Philippe Pellet的答案,并做了一个数组扩展,对数组进行类似set的操作,同时保持元素的顺序。
/// Extensions for performing set-like operations on lists, maintaining order
extension Array where Element: Hashable {
func unique() -> [Element] {
var seen: [Element:Bool] = [:]
return self.filter({ seen.updateValue(true, forKey: $0) == nil })
}
func subtract(takeAway: [Element]) -> [Element] {
let set = Set(takeAway)
return self.filter({ !set.contains($0) })
}
func intersect(with: [Element]) -> [Element] {
let set = Set(with)
return self.filter({ set.contains($0) })
}
}
首先将数组的所有元素添加到NSOrderedSet中。 这将删除数组中的所有重复项。 再次将这个orderedset转换为一个数组。
做……
例子
let array = [1,1,1,1,2,2,2,2,4,6,8]
let orderedSet : NSOrderedSet = NSOrderedSet(array: array)
let arrayWithoutDuplicates : NSArray = orderedSet.array as NSArray
输出arraywithoutduplates - [1,2,4,6,8]