我必须在内存中保留数千个字符串，以便在Java中串行访问。我应该把它们存储在数组中还是应该使用某种列表?
由于数组将所有数据保存在一个连续的内存块中(与list不同)，使用数组存储数千个字符串会导致问题吗?
当前回答
数组列表在内部使用数组对象来添加(或存储)对象 元素。换句话说，ArrayList由Array数据支持 结构。ArrayList的数组是可调整大小的(或动态的)。
Array比ArrayList快，因为ArrayList内部使用数组。如果我们可以直接在数组中添加元素，而间接地在数组中添加元素 数组通过数组列表总是直接机制比间接机制快。
在ArrayList类中有两个重载的add()方法:
add(Object):将一个对象添加到列表末尾。 add(int index, Object):将指定对象插入到列表的指定位置。
数组列表的大小如何动态增长?
public boolean add(E e)
{
ensureCapacity(size+1);
elementData[size++] = e;
return true;
}
An important point to note from the above code is that we are checking the capacity of the ArrayList, before adding the element. ensureCapacity() determines what is the current size of occupied elements and what is the maximum size of the array. If the size of the filled elements (including the new element to be added to the ArrayList class) is greater than the maximum size of the array then increase the size of the array. But the size of the array can not be increased dynamically. So what happens internally is new Array is created with the capacity
到 Java 6
int newCapacity = (oldCapacity * 3)/2 + 1;
(更新)来自Java 7
int newCapacity = oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >> 1);
此外，旧数组中的数据被复制到新数组中。
数组列表中有开销方法这就是为什么数组比数组列表快。
其他回答
请记住，ArrayList封装了一个数组，因此与使用原始数组相比没有什么区别(除了在java中使用List更容易)。
选择数组而不是数组列表的唯一有意义的情况是，当你存储基本类型时，比如byte、int等，你需要通过使用基本类型数组获得特定的空间效率。
数组建议你在任何地方使用它们而不是列表，特别是在你知道项目的数量和大小不会改变的情况下。
参见Oracle Java最佳实践:http://docs.oracle.com/cd/A97688_16/generic.903/bp/java.htm#1007056
当然，如果需要多次从集合中添加和删除对象，则使用简单列表。
在存储字符串对象的情况下，数组还是列表的选择并不那么重要(考虑到性能)。因为数组和列表存储的都是字符串对象引用，而不是实际对象。
如果字符串的数量几乎是常数，则使用数组(或ArrayList)。但如果数字变化太大，那么你最好使用LinkedList。 如果有(或将会)需要在中间添加或删除元素，那么你当然必须使用LinkedList。
不要在没有适当基准测试的情况下陷入优化的陷阱。正如其他人建议的那样，在做出任何假设之前使用分析器。
您所列举的不同数据结构具有不同的用途。列表在开头和结尾插入元素时非常有效，但在访问随机元素时却很困难。数组具有固定的存储，但提供快速的随机访问。最后，ArrayList通过允许数组增长来改进与数组的接口。通常，要使用的数据结构应该由如何访问或添加存储的数据来决定。
About memory consumption. You seem to be mixing some things. An array will only give you a continuous chunk of memory for the type of data that you have. Don't forget that java has a fixed data types: boolean, char, int, long, float and Object (this include all objects, even an array is an Object). It means that if you declare an array of String strings [1000] or MyObject myObjects [1000] you only get a 1000 memory boxes big enough to store the location (references or pointers) of the objects. You don't get a 1000 memory boxes big enough to fit the size of the objects. Don't forget that your objects are first created with "new". This is when the memory allocation is done and later a reference (their memory address) is stored in the array. The object doesn't get copied into the array only it's reference.
您应该更喜欢泛型类型而不是数组。正如其他人所提到的，数组是不灵活的，不具有泛型类型的表达能力。(它们确实支持运行时类型检查，但这与泛型类型混在一起很糟糕。)
但是，与往常一样，在优化时，你应该始终遵循以下步骤:
Don't optimize until you have a nice, clean, and working version of your code. Changing to generic types could very well be motivated at this step already. When you have a version that is nice and clean, decide if it is fast enough. If it isn't fast enough, measure its performance. This step is important for two reasons. If you don't measure you won't (1) know the impact of any optimizations you make and (2) know where to optimize. Optimize the hottest part of your code. Measure again. This is just as important as measuring before. If the optimization didn't improve things, revert it. Remember, the code without the optimization was clean, nice, and working.
