数组更快-所有内存都是预先分配的。

既然这里已经有了很多好的答案，我想给你一些其他的实际观点的信息，这是插入和迭代性能的比较:Java中的基元数组与链表。

这是实际的简单性能检查。因此，结果将取决于机器的性能。

用于此的源代码如下:

import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.LinkedList;

public class Array_vs_LinkedList {

    private final static int MAX_SIZE = 40000000;

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        LinkedList lList = new LinkedList(); 

        /* insertion performance check */

        long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();

        for (int i=0; i<MAX_SIZE; i++) {
            lList.add(i);
        }

        long stopTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        long elapsedTime = stopTime - startTime;
        System.out.println("[Insert]LinkedList insert operation with " + MAX_SIZE + " number of integer elapsed time is " + elapsedTime + " millisecond.");

        int[] arr = new int[MAX_SIZE];

        startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        for(int i=0; i<MAX_SIZE; i++){
            arr[i] = i; 
        }

        stopTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        elapsedTime = stopTime - startTime;
        System.out.println("[Insert]Array Insert operation with " + MAX_SIZE + " number of integer elapsed time is " + elapsedTime + " millisecond.");


        /* iteration performance check */

        startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();

        Iterator itr = lList.iterator();

        while(itr.hasNext()) {
            itr.next();
            // System.out.println("Linked list running : " + itr.next());
        }

        stopTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        elapsedTime = stopTime - startTime;
        System.out.println("[Loop]LinkedList iteration with " + MAX_SIZE + " number of integer elapsed time is " + elapsedTime + " millisecond.");


        startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();

        int t = 0;
        for (int i=0; i < MAX_SIZE; i++) {
            t = arr[i];
            // System.out.println("array running : " + i);
        }

        stopTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        elapsedTime = stopTime - startTime;
        System.out.println("[Loop]Array iteration with " + MAX_SIZE + " number of integer elapsed time is " + elapsedTime + " millisecond.");
    }
}

表现结果如下:

我写了一个比较数组列表和数组的基准测试。在我的老式笔记本电脑上，遍历5000个元素的数组列表1000次的时间比等效的数组代码慢了大约10毫秒。

所以，如果你什么都不做，只是迭代列表，而且你做了很多，那么也许它值得优化。否则，我会使用列表，因为当你需要优化代码时，它会让你更容易。

注意:我确实注意到，使用for String s: stringsList比使用老式的for循环访问列表要慢50%左右。去图…这是我计时的两个函数;数组和列表由5000个随机(不同的)字符串填充。

private static void readArray(String[] strings) {
    long totalchars = 0;
    for (int j = 0; j < ITERATIONS; j++) {
        totalchars = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < strings.length; i++) {
            totalchars += strings[i].length();

        }
    }
}

private static void readArrayList(List<String> stringsList) {
    long totalchars = 0;
    for (int j = 0; j < ITERATIONS; j++) {
        totalchars = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < stringsList.size(); i++) {
            totalchars += stringsList.get(i).length();
        }
    }
}

您应该更喜欢泛型类型而不是数组。正如其他人所提到的，数组是不灵活的，不具有泛型类型的表达能力。(它们确实支持运行时类型检查，但这与泛型类型混在一起很糟糕。)

但是，与往常一样，在优化时，你应该始终遵循以下步骤:

Don't optimize until you have a nice, clean, and working version of your code. Changing to generic types could very well be motivated at this step already. When you have a version that is nice and clean, decide if it is fast enough. If it isn't fast enough, measure its performance. This step is important for two reasons. If you don't measure you won't (1) know the impact of any optimizations you make and (2) know where to optimize. Optimize the hottest part of your code. Measure again. This is just as important as measuring before. If the optimization didn't improve things, revert it. Remember, the code without the optimization was clean, nice, and working.

Java的方式是，您应该考虑哪种数据抽象最适合您的需求。记住，在Java中，List是抽象的数据类型，而不是具体的数据类型。您应该将字符串声明为List，然后使用ArrayList实现初始化它。

List<String> strings = new ArrayList<String>();

抽象数据类型和特定实现的分离是面向对象编程的一个关键方面。

An ArrayList implements the List Abstract Data Type using an array as its underlying implementation. Access speed is virtually identical to an array, with the additional advantages of being able to add and subtract elements to a List (although this is an O(n) operation with an ArrayList) and that if you decide to change the underlying implementation later on you can. For example, if you realize you need synchronized access, you can change the implementation to a Vector without rewriting all your code.

事实上，ArrayList是专门为在大多数情况下替换低级数组构造而设计的。如果Java是今天设计的，那么完全有可能将数组完全排除在外，转而使用数组列表结构。

由于数组将所有数据保存在一个连续的内存块中(与list不同)，使用数组存储数千个字符串会导致问题吗?

In Java, all collections store only references to objects, not the objects themselves. Both arrays and ArrayList will store a few thousand references in a contiguous array, so they are essentially identical. You can consider that a contiguous block of a few thousand 32-bit references will always be readily available on modern hardware. This does not guarantee that you will not run out of memory altogether, of course, just that the contiguous block of memory requirement is not difficult to fufil.

请记住，ArrayList封装了一个数组，因此与使用原始数组相比没有什么区别(除了在java中使用List更容易)。

选择数组而不是数组列表的唯一有意义的情况是，当你存储基本类型时，比如byte、int等，你需要通过使用基本类型数组获得特定的空间效率。