UseEffect是主要的解决方案。但正如Darryl提到的，使用useEffect并将state作为第二个参数传入有一个缺陷，组件将在初始化过程中运行。如果你只想让回调函数使用更新后的状态值运行，你可以设置一个本地常量，并在setState和回调中使用它。

const [counter, setCounter] = useState(0);

const doSomething = () => {
  const updatedNumber = 123;
  setCounter(updatedNumber);

  // now you can "do something" with updatedNumber and don't have to worry about the async nature of setState!
  console.log(updatedNumber);
}

用useEffect模拟setState回调，只在状态更新时触发(不是初始状态):

const [state, setState] = useState({ name: "Michael" })
const isFirstRender = useRef(true)
useEffect(() => {
  if (isFirstRender.current) {
    isFirstRender.current = false // toggle flag after first render/mounting
    return;
  }
  console.log(state) // do something after state has updated
}, [state])

自定义钩子useEffectUpdate

function useEffectUpdate(callback) {
  const isFirstRender = useRef(true);
  useEffect(() => {
    if (isFirstRender.current) {
      isFirstRender.current = false; // toggle flag after first render/mounting
      return;
    }
    callback(); // performing action after state has updated
  }, [callback]);
}

// client usage, given some state dep
const cb = useCallback(() => { console.log(state) }, [state]); // memoize callback
useEffectUpdate(cb);

在我们有内置的setState回调支持之前，我们可以用简单的javascript方式…调用该函数并直接将新变量传递给它。

  const [counter, setCounter] = useState(0);

  const doSomething = () => {
    const newCounter = 123
    setCounter(newCounter);
    doSomethingWCounter(newCounter);
  };

  function doSomethingWCounter(newCounter) {
    console.log(newCounter); // 123
  }

你可以使用以下方法，我知道获得更新后的最新状态:

useEffect https://reactjs.org/docs/hooks-reference.html#useeffect

    const [state, setState] = useState({name: "Michael"});
    
    const handleChangeName = () => {
      setState({name: "Jack"});
    }
    
    useEffect(() => {
      console.log(state.name); //"Jack"

      //do something here
    }, [state]);

功能更新 https://reactjs.org/docs/hooks-reference.html#functional-updates 如果新的状态是用之前的状态计算出来的，你可以传递一个函数给setState。该函数将接收之前的值，并返回更新后的值。”

    const [state, setState] = useState({name: "Michael"});

    const handleChangeName = () => {
      setState({name: "Jack"})
      setState(prevState => {
        console.log(prevState.name);//"Jack"

        //do something here

        // return updated state
        return prevState;
      });
    }

useRef https://reactjs.org/docs/hooks-reference.html#useref 返回的ref对象将在组件的整个生命周期内持续存在。

    const [state, setState] = useState({name: "Michael"});

    const stateRef = useRef(state);
    stateRef.current  = state;
    const handleClick = () => {
      setState({name: "Jack"});

      setTimeout(() => {
        //it refers to old state object
        console.log(state.name);// "Michael";

        //out of syntheticEvent and after batch update
        console.log(stateRef.current.name);//"Jack"

        //do something here
      }, 0);
    }

在react synticevent处理程序中，setState是一个批量更新过程，因此每次状态更改都会等待并返回一个新状态。 setState()并不总是立即更新组件。它可以批处理或延迟更新。"， https://reactjs.org/docs/react-component.html#setstate

这里有一个有用的链接 React是否保持状态更新的顺序?

我们可以写一个叫做useScheduleNextRenderCallback的钩子，它返回一个“schedule”函数。在我们调用setState之后，我们可以调用“schedule”函数，传递一个我们希望在下次呈现时运行的回调。

import { useCallback, useEffect, useRef } from "react";

type ScheduledCallback = () => void;
export const useScheduleNextRenderCallback = () => {
  const ref = useRef<ScheduledCallback>();

  useEffect(() => {
    if (ref.current !== undefined) {
      ref.current();
      ref.current = undefined;
    }
  });

  const schedule = useCallback((fn: ScheduledCallback) => {
    ref.current = fn;
  }, []);

  return schedule;
};

使用示例:

const App = () => {
  const scheduleNextRenderCallback = useScheduleNextRenderCallback();

  const [state, setState] = useState(0);

  const onClick = useCallback(() => {
    setState(state => state + 1);
    scheduleNextRenderCallback(() => {
      console.log("next render");
    });
  }, []);

  return <button onClick={onClick}>click me to update state</button>;
};

简化的测试用例:https://stackblitz.com/edit/react-ts-rjd9jk

传递一个函数怎么样?

const [name, setName] = useState(initialName); 
...
setName(() => {
    const nextName = "Michael";
    console.log(nextName);
    return nextName;
  });