经过痛苦的实验，我找到了比公认的答案更快的方法，我让这个方法起作用了。它在我试用的数据集上运行速度快了大约100倍。

如果有人知道如何使其更优雅，请务必修改我的代码。我找不到一种方法，不设置其他你想保留的列作为下标，然后重设下标，重命名列，但我想还有其他方法可以。

b = DataFrame(a.var1.str.split(',').tolist(), index=a.var2).stack()
b = b.reset_index()[[0, 'var2']] # var1 variable is currently labeled 0
b.columns = ['var1', 'var2'] # renaming var1

一种使用.apply()改变列格式的简单方法，以便.explod()可以使用它:

import string
import pandas as pd
from io import StringIO

file = StringIO("""    var1  var2
0  a,b,c     1
1  d,e,f     2""")

df = pd.read_csv(file, sep=r'\s\s+')

df['var1'] = df['var1'].apply(lambda x : str(x).split(','))

df.explode('var1')

输出:

  var1  var2
0   a   1
0   b   1
0   c   1
1   d   2
1   e   2
1   f   2

另一种解决方案是使用python复制包

import copy
new_observations = list()
def pandas_explode(df, column_to_explode):
    new_observations = list()
    for row in df.to_dict(orient='records'):
        explode_values = row[column_to_explode]
        del row[column_to_explode]
        if type(explode_values) is list or type(explode_values) is tuple:
            for explode_value in explode_values:
                new_observation = copy.deepcopy(row)
                new_observation[column_to_explode] = explode_value
                new_observations.append(new_observation) 
        else:
            new_observation = copy.deepcopy(row)
            new_observation[column_to_explode] = explode_values
            new_observations.append(new_observation) 
    return_df = pd.DataFrame(new_observations)
    return return_df

df = pandas_explode(df, column_name)

只是从上面使用了jiln的优秀答案，但需要展开以拆分多个列。我想分享一下。

def splitDataFrameList(df,target_column,separator):
''' df = dataframe to split,
target_column = the column containing the values to split
separator = the symbol used to perform the split

returns: a dataframe with each entry for the target column separated, with each element moved into a new row. 
The values in the other columns are duplicated across the newly divided rows.
'''
def splitListToRows(row, row_accumulator, target_columns, separator):
    split_rows = []
    for target_column in target_columns:
        split_rows.append(row[target_column].split(separator))
    # Seperate for multiple columns
    for i in range(len(split_rows[0])):
        new_row = row.to_dict()
        for j in range(len(split_rows)):
            new_row[target_columns[j]] = split_rows[j][i]
        row_accumulator.append(new_row)
new_rows = []
df.apply(splitListToRows,axis=1,args = (new_rows,target_column,separator))
new_df = pd.DataFrame(new_rows)
return new_df

我很欣赏“常舍”的回答，真的，但是iterrows()函数在大型数据集上花费很长时间。我面对了这个问题，然后我走到了这一步。

# First, reset_index to make the index a column
a = a.reset_index().rename(columns={'index':'duplicated_idx'})

# Get a longer series with exploded cells to rows
series = pd.DataFrame(a['var1'].str.split('/')
                      .tolist(), index=a.duplicated_idx).stack()

# New df from series and merge with the old one
b = series.reset_index([0, 'duplicated_idx'])
b = b.rename(columns={0:'var1'})

# Optional & Advanced: In case, there are other columns apart from var1 & var2
b.merge(
    a[a.columns.difference(['var1'])],
    on='duplicated_idx')

# Optional: Delete the "duplicated_index"'s column, and reorder columns
b = b[a.columns.difference(['duplicated_idx'])]

这里有很多答案，但我很惊讶没有人提到内置的熊猫爆炸功能。看看下面的链接: https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/reference/api/pandas.DataFrame.explode.html#pandas.DataFrame.explode

由于某种原因，我无法访问该函数，所以我使用下面的代码:

import pandas_explode
pandas_explode.patch()
df_zlp_people_cnt3 = df_zlp_people_cnt2.explode('people')

以上是我的数据样本。如你所见，人物栏有一系列人物，我试图把它炸开。我给出的代码适用于列表类型数据。因此，请尝试将逗号分隔的文本数据转换为列表格式。此外，由于我的代码使用内置函数，它比自定义/应用函数快得多。

注意:你可能需要用pip安装pandas_explosion。