经过痛苦的实验，我找到了比公认的答案更快的方法，我让这个方法起作用了。它在我试用的数据集上运行速度快了大约100倍。

如果有人知道如何使其更优雅，请务必修改我的代码。我找不到一种方法，不设置其他你想保留的列作为下标，然后重设下标，重命名列，但我想还有其他方法可以。

b = DataFrame(a.var1.str.split(',').tolist(), index=a.var2).stack()
b = b.reset_index()[[0, 'var2']] # var1 variable is currently labeled 0
b.columns = ['var1', 'var2'] # renaming var1

只是从上面使用了jiln的优秀答案，但需要展开以拆分多个列。我想分享一下。

def splitDataFrameList(df,target_column,separator):
''' df = dataframe to split,
target_column = the column containing the values to split
separator = the symbol used to perform the split

returns: a dataframe with each entry for the target column separated, with each element moved into a new row. 
The values in the other columns are duplicated across the newly divided rows.
'''
def splitListToRows(row, row_accumulator, target_columns, separator):
    split_rows = []
    for target_column in target_columns:
        split_rows.append(row[target_column].split(separator))
    # Seperate for multiple columns
    for i in range(len(split_rows[0])):
        new_row = row.to_dict()
        for j in range(len(split_rows)):
            new_row[target_columns[j]] = split_rows[j][i]
        row_accumulator.append(new_row)
new_rows = []
df.apply(splitListToRows,axis=1,args = (new_rows,target_column,separator))
new_df = pd.DataFrame(new_rows)
return new_df

这里有很多答案，但我很惊讶没有人提到内置的熊猫爆炸功能。看看下面的链接: https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/reference/api/pandas.DataFrame.explode.html#pandas.DataFrame.explode

由于某种原因，我无法访问该函数，所以我使用下面的代码:

import pandas_explode
pandas_explode.patch()
df_zlp_people_cnt3 = df_zlp_people_cnt2.explode('people')

以上是我的数据样本。如你所见，人物栏有一系列人物，我试图把它炸开。我给出的代码适用于列表类型数据。因此，请尝试将逗号分隔的文本数据转换为列表格式。此外，由于我的代码使用内置函数，它比自定义/应用函数快得多。

注意:你可能需要用pip安装pandas_explosion。

在最近的熊猫版本中，你可以使用分裂和爆炸

a.assign(var1=a['var1'].str.split(',')).explode('var1')

a

   var1 var2
0   a   1
0   b   1
0   c   1
1   d   2
1   e   2
1   f   2

我提出了一个具有任意列数的数据框架的解决方案(同时一次仍然只分离一列的条目)。

def splitDataFrameList(df,target_column,separator):
    ''' df = dataframe to split,
    target_column = the column containing the values to split
    separator = the symbol used to perform the split

    returns: a dataframe with each entry for the target column separated, with each element moved into a new row. 
    The values in the other columns are duplicated across the newly divided rows.
    '''
    def splitListToRows(row,row_accumulator,target_column,separator):
        split_row = row[target_column].split(separator)
        for s in split_row:
            new_row = row.to_dict()
            new_row[target_column] = s
            row_accumulator.append(new_row)
    new_rows = []
    df.apply(splitListToRows,axis=1,args = (new_rows,target_column,separator))
    new_df = pandas.DataFrame(new_rows)
    return new_df

有可能在不改变数据框架结构的情况下拆分和爆炸数据框架

拆分和展开特定列的数据

输入:

    var1    var2
0   a,b,c   1
1   d,e,f   2



#Get the indexes which are repetative with the split 
df['var1'] = df['var1'].str.split(',')
df = df.explode('var1')

Out:

    var1    var2
0   a   1
0   b   1
0   c   1
1   d   2
1   e   2
1   f   2

Edit-1

对多列的行进行拆分和展开

Filename    RGB                                             RGB_type
0   A   [[0, 1650, 6, 39], [0, 1691, 1, 59], [50, 1402...   [r, g, b]
1   B   [[0, 1423, 16, 38], [0, 1445, 16, 46], [0, 141...   [r, g, b]

基于参考列重新索引，并将列值信息与堆栈对齐

df = df.reindex(df.index.repeat(df['RGB_type'].apply(len)))
df = df.groupby('Filename').apply(lambda x:x.apply(lambda y: pd.Series(y.iloc[0])))
df.reset_index(drop=True).ffill()

Out:

                Filename    RGB_type    Top 1 colour    Top 1 frequency Top 2 colour    Top 2 frequency
    Filename                            
 A  0       A   r   0   1650    6   39
    1       A   g   0   1691    1   59
    2       A   b   50  1402    49  187
 B  0       B   r   0   1423    16  38
    1       B   g   0   1445    16  46
    2       B   b   0   1419    16  39