我提出了一个具有任意列数的数据框架的解决方案(同时一次仍然只分离一列的条目)。

def splitDataFrameList(df,target_column,separator):
    ''' df = dataframe to split,
    target_column = the column containing the values to split
    separator = the symbol used to perform the split

    returns: a dataframe with each entry for the target column separated, with each element moved into a new row. 
    The values in the other columns are duplicated across the newly divided rows.
    '''
    def splitListToRows(row,row_accumulator,target_column,separator):
        split_row = row[target_column].split(separator)
        for s in split_row:
            new_row = row.to_dict()
            new_row[target_column] = s
            row_accumulator.append(new_row)
    new_rows = []
    df.apply(splitListToRows,axis=1,args = (new_rows,target_column,separator))
    new_df = pandas.DataFrame(new_rows)
    return new_df

熊猫>= 0.25

Series和DataFrame方法定义了. explosion()方法，该方法将列表分解为单独的行。请参阅文档部分关于分解一个类似列表的列。

因为您有一个由逗号分隔的字符串列表，用逗号分隔字符串以获得元素列表，然后在该列上调用explosion。

df = pd.DataFrame({'var1': ['a,b,c', 'd,e,f'], 'var2': [1, 2]})
df
    var1  var2
0  a,b,c     1
1  d,e,f     2

df.assign(var1=df['var1'].str.split(',')).explode('var1')

  var1  var2
0    a     1
0    b     1
0    c     1
1    d     2
1    e     2
1    f     2

注意，爆炸只对单列有效(目前)。要同时爆炸多个列，请参见下面。

nan和空列表得到了他们应得的待遇，而不需要你跳圈来得到正确的。

df = pd.DataFrame({'var1': ['d,e,f', '', np.nan], 'var2': [1, 2, 3]})
df
    var1  var2
0  d,e,f     1
1            2
2    NaN     3

df['var1'].str.split(',')

0    [d, e, f]
1           []
2          NaN

df.assign(var1=df['var1'].str.split(',')).explode('var1')

  var1  var2
0    d     1
0    e     1
0    f     1
1          2  # empty list entry becomes empty string after exploding 
2  NaN     3  # NaN left un-touched

这相对于基于ravel/repeat的解决方案(后者完全忽略空列表，并阻塞在nan上)是一个很大的优势。

多列爆炸

熊猫1.3更新

df。从pandas 1.3开始，explosion在多个列上工作:

df = pd.DataFrame({'var1': ['a,b,c', 'd,e,f'], 
                   'var2': ['i,j,k', 'l,m,n'], 
                   'var3': [1, 2]})
df
    var1   var2  var3
0  a,b,c  i,j,k     1
1  d,e,f  l,m,n     2

(df.set_index(['var3']) 
       .apply(lambda col: col.str.split(','))
       .explode(['var1', 'var2'])
       .reset_index()
       .reindex(df.columns, axis=1))

  var1 var2  var3
0    a    i     1
1    b    j     1
2    c    k     1
3    d    l     2
4    e    m     2
5    f    n     2

在旧版本中，你会将爆炸列移动到应用程序内部，这是一个性能差得多的应用程序:

(df.set_index(['var3']) 
   .apply(lambda col: col.str.split(',').explode())
   .reset_index()
   .reindex(df.columns, axis=1))

其思想是将所有不应该被分解的列设置为索引，然后通过apply分解剩余的列。当列表大小相等时，这种方法效果很好。

另一种解决方案是使用python复制包

import copy
new_observations = list()
def pandas_explode(df, column_to_explode):
    new_observations = list()
    for row in df.to_dict(orient='records'):
        explode_values = row[column_to_explode]
        del row[column_to_explode]
        if type(explode_values) is list or type(explode_values) is tuple:
            for explode_value in explode_values:
                new_observation = copy.deepcopy(row)
                new_observation[column_to_explode] = explode_value
                new_observations.append(new_observation) 
        else:
            new_observation = copy.deepcopy(row)
            new_observation[column_to_explode] = explode_values
            new_observations.append(new_observation) 
    return_df = pd.DataFrame(new_observations)
    return return_df

df = pandas_explode(df, column_name)

只是从上面使用了jiln的优秀答案，但需要展开以拆分多个列。我想分享一下。

def splitDataFrameList(df,target_column,separator):
''' df = dataframe to split,
target_column = the column containing the values to split
separator = the symbol used to perform the split

returns: a dataframe with each entry for the target column separated, with each element moved into a new row. 
The values in the other columns are duplicated across the newly divided rows.
'''
def splitListToRows(row, row_accumulator, target_columns, separator):
    split_rows = []
    for target_column in target_columns:
        split_rows.append(row[target_column].split(separator))
    # Seperate for multiple columns
    for i in range(len(split_rows[0])):
        new_row = row.to_dict()
        for j in range(len(split_rows)):
            new_row[target_columns[j]] = split_rows[j][i]
        row_accumulator.append(new_row)
new_rows = []
df.apply(splitListToRows,axis=1,args = (new_rows,target_column,separator))
new_df = pd.DataFrame(new_rows)
return new_df

类似的问题:pandas:如何将一列中的文本拆分为多行?

你可以这样做:

>> a=pd.DataFrame({"var1":"a,b,c d,e,f".split(),"var2":[1,2]})
>> s = a.var1.str.split(",").apply(pd.Series, 1).stack()
>> s.index = s.index.droplevel(-1)
>> del a['var1']
>> a.join(s)
   var2 var1
0     1    a
0     1    b
0     1    c
1     2    d
1     2    e
1     2    f

在最近的熊猫版本中，你可以使用分裂和爆炸

a.assign(var1=a['var1'].str.split(',')).explode('var1')

a

   var1 var2
0   a   1
0   b   1
0   c   1
1   d   2
1   e   2
1   f   2