如果你这样做是为了网络/主机兼容性，你应该使用:

ntohl() //Network to Host byte order (Long)
htonl() //Host to Network byte order (Long)

ntohs() //Network to Host byte order (Short)
htons() //Host to Network byte order (Short)

如果是出于其他原因，这里提供的byte_swap解决方案之一也可以很好地工作。

我有这个代码，允许我从HOST_ENDIAN_ORDER(无论它是什么)转换为LITTLE_ENDIAN_ORDER或BIG_ENDIAN_ORDER。我使用一个模板，所以如果我试图从HOST_ENDIAN_ORDER转换为LITTLE_ENDIAN_ORDER，他们恰好是相同的机器为我编译，不会生成任何代码。

下面是带有注释的代码:

// We define some constant for little, big and host endianess. Here I use 
// BOOST_LITTLE_ENDIAN/BOOST_BIG_ENDIAN to check the host indianess. If you
// don't want to use boost you will have to modify this part a bit.
enum EEndian
{
  LITTLE_ENDIAN_ORDER,
  BIG_ENDIAN_ORDER,
#if defined(BOOST_LITTLE_ENDIAN)
  HOST_ENDIAN_ORDER = LITTLE_ENDIAN_ORDER
#elif defined(BOOST_BIG_ENDIAN)
  HOST_ENDIAN_ORDER = BIG_ENDIAN_ORDER
#else
#error "Impossible de determiner l'indianness du systeme cible."
#endif
};

// this function swap the bytes of values given it's size as a template
// parameter (could sizeof be used?).
template <class T, unsigned int size>
inline T SwapBytes(T value)
{
  union
  {
     T value;
     char bytes[size];
  } in, out;

  in.value = value;

  for (unsigned int i = 0; i < size / 2; ++i)
  {
     out.bytes[i] = in.bytes[size - 1 - i];
     out.bytes[size - 1 - i] = in.bytes[i];
  }

  return out.value;
}

// Here is the function you will use. Again there is two compile-time assertion
// that use the boost librarie. You could probably comment them out, but if you
// do be cautious not to use this function for anything else than integers
// types. This function need to be calles like this :
//
//     int x = someValue;
//     int i = EndianSwapBytes<HOST_ENDIAN_ORDER, BIG_ENDIAN_ORDER>(x);
//
template<EEndian from, EEndian to, class T>
inline T EndianSwapBytes(T value)
{
  // A : La donnée à swapper à une taille de 2, 4 ou 8 octets
  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(T) == 2 || sizeof(T) == 4 || sizeof(T) == 8);

  // A : La donnée à swapper est d'un type arithmetic
  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT(boost::is_arithmetic<T>::value);

  // Si from et to sont du même type on ne swap pas.
  if (from == to)
     return value;

  return SwapBytes<T, sizeof(T)>(value);
}

这里有一个基本的函数来交换大小端序。它是基本的，但不需要补充库。

void endianness_swap(uint32_t& val) {
    uint8_t a, b, c;
    a = (val & 0xFF000000) >> 24;
    b = (val & 0x00FF0000) >> 16;
    c = (val & 0x0000FF00) >> 8;
    val=(val & 0x000000FF) << 24;
    val = val + (c << 16) + (b << 8) + (a);
}

虽然没有使用固有函数有效，但肯定是可移植的。我的回答:

#include <cstdint>
#include <type_traits>

/**
 * Perform an endian swap of bytes against a templatized unsigned word.
 *
 * @tparam value_type The data type to perform the endian swap against.
 * @param value       The data value to swap.
 *
 * @return value_type The resulting swapped word.
 */
template <typename value_type>
constexpr inline auto endian_swap(value_type value) -> value_type
{
    using half_type = typename std::conditional<
        sizeof(value_type) == 8u,
        uint32_t,
        typename std::conditional<sizeof(value_type) == 4u, uint16_t, uint8_t>::
            type>::type;

    size_t const    half_bits  = sizeof(value_type) * 8u / 2u;
    half_type const upper_half = static_cast<half_type>(value >> half_bits);
    half_type const lower_half = static_cast<half_type>(value);

    if (sizeof(value_type) == 2u)
    {
        return (static_cast<value_type>(lower_half) << half_bits) | upper_half;
    }

    return ((static_cast<value_type>(endian_swap(lower_half)) << half_bits) |
            endian_swap(upper_half));
}

和在C中一样:

short big = 0xdead;
short little = (((big & 0xff)<<8) | ((big & 0xff00)>>8));

您还可以声明一个无符号字符的向量，将输入值memcpy放入其中，将字节反向转换为另一个向量，然后将字节memcpy取出，但这将花费比旋转位长几个数量级的时间，特别是对于64位值。

认真……我不明白为什么所有的解决方案都那么复杂!最简单、最通用的模板函数如何?它可以在任何操作系统的任何情况下交换任何大小的任何类型????

template <typename T>
void SwapEnd(T& var)
{
    static_assert(std::is_pod<T>::value, "Type must be POD type for safety");
    std::array<char, sizeof(T)> varArray;
    std::memcpy(varArray.data(), &var, sizeof(T));
    for(int i = 0; i < static_cast<int>(sizeof(var)/2); i++)
        std::swap(varArray[sizeof(var) - 1 - i],varArray[i]);
    std::memcpy(&var, varArray.data(), sizeof(T));
}

这是C和c++结合的神奇力量!只需逐个字符交换原始变量。

要点1:没有操作符:请记住，我没有使用简单的赋值操作符“=”，因为当反转字节序时，一些对象将被打乱，复制构造函数(或赋值操作符)将不起作用。因此，一个字符一个字符地复制它们更加可靠。

Point 2: Be aware of alignment issues: Notice that we're copying to and from an array, which is the right thing to do because the C++ compiler doesn't guarantee that we can access unaligned memory (this answer was updated from its original form for this). For example, if you allocate uint64_t, your compiler cannot guarantee that you can access the 3rd byte of that as a uint8_t. Therefore, the right thing to do is to copy this to a char array, swap it, then copy it back (so no reinterpret_cast). Notice that compilers are mostly smart enough to convert what you did back to a reinterpret_cast if they're capable of accessing individual bytes regardless of alignment.

使用此函数:

double x = 5;
SwapEnd(x);

现在x的字节序不同了。